vittorio Profile picture
Feb 19 14 tweets 3 min read Read on X
HOLY SHIT IT'S HAPPENING

AI can now write genomes from scratch.
Arc Institute an NVIDIA just published Evo-2, the largest AI model for biology, trained on 9.3 trillion DNA base pairs spanning the entire tree of life.

it doesn’t just analyze genomes. it creates them
1/ Image
Evo 2 generates mitochondrial, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic sequences at genome-scale

Evo 2 is FULLY OPEN, including model parameters, training code, inference code, and
the OpenGenome2 dataset LMFAO

2/ Image
think of it as a DNA-focused LLM. instead of text, it generates genomic sequences. it reads and interprets complex DNA, including noncoding regions usually considered jink, generates entire chromosomes and new genomes, and predicts disease-causing mutations, even those not understood

3/
this is biology hacking
AI is moving beyond describing biology to designing it. this allows for synthetic life engineered from scratch, programmable genomes optimized by AI, potential new gene therapies, and lays the groundwork for whole-cell simulation.
biology is becoming a computational discipline

4/
it was trained on a dataset of 9.3 trillion base pairs from bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and bacteriophages
it processes up to 1 million base pairs in a single context window, covering entire chromosomes. it identifies evolutionary patterns previously unseen by humans

5/
Evo-2 has demonstrated practical generation abilities, creating synthetic yeast chromosomes, mitochondrial genomes, and minimal bacterial genomes.
this is computational design in action.

6/ Image
Evo-2 understands noncoding DNA, which regulates gene expression and is involved in many genetic diseases.
it predicts the functional impact of mutations in these regions, achieving state-of-the-art performance on noncoding variant pathogenicity and BRCA1 variant classification.
this could lead to advances in precision medicine

7/
Evo-2 uses stripedhyena 2, combining convolution and attention mechanisms, not transformers.
it models DNA at multiple scales, capturing long-range interactions, and autonomously learns features like exon-intron boundaries and transcription factor binding sites without human guidance.
it’s not just memorizing
it’s understanding biology.

8/Image
Evo-2 predicts whether mutations are harmful or benign without specific training on human disease data.

WHAT

it outperforms specialized models on BRCA1 variants and handles noncoding mutations effectively, suggesting it has learned DNA’s fundamental principles

9/
Evo-2 generates DNA sequences that influence chromatin accessibility, controlling gene expression.

it has embedded simple Morse code into epigenomic designs as a proof of concept, not a practical application. this shows potential for designing programmable gene circuits.

make me blonde. thank you

10/
Evo-2 is FULLY OPEN SOURCE, including model parameters, training data, and code.
this will lead to massive widespread innovation in bioengineering, lowering barriers to genome design.
it’s a revolution moment for the field.

the era of biotech is here

11/
The Arc Institute aims to model entire cells, moving beyond DNA to whole organisms.

this could lead to AI creating new life forms and synthetic biology becoming AI-driven.

the future involves programming life at increasing scales

12/
three years ago, AI focused on chatbots.
now it generates genomes. soon, it will design complex biological systems. this is a new phase
humans are no longer just studying biology but rewriting its code.

biology’s future is computational. are you prepared?

13/

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the problem is that the real cause is not "career" or women or "housing costs"
the uncomfortable truth is that a huge share of people are already biologically sub-fertile and don’t even know it
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few thoughts
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that energy doesn't vanish and it's redirected to ideologies which become surrogate children and parties surrogate husbands
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this was thought impossible just 2 years ago

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it demands atomic control at ~0.2 Å precision. miss by one atom, and it doesn't work
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first cousin marriages double the risk of birth defects, shave ~10 iq points off the offspring, and their ban by the church was one of the biggest drivers of europe’s rise.
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i severely underestimated how bad things were in the UK
The next obvious step is saying that “marring an 8 years ago girl is encouraged to keep the woman from rebelling since she can be properly disciplined early and can bear enough kids”
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Sep 18
holy shit, it's happening

for the first time in history, AI *DESIGNED* a complete genome and it has been proven functional in the lab

1/ Image
In 1977 the first bacteriophage genome (ΦX174, 5.4 kb) was sequenced, then in 2003 in was synthesized from chemicals and now Evo, a genome language model, designed new ΦX174-like genomes that actually worked in bacteria

From reading to writing to designing life
2/
ΦX174 has 11 overlapping genes, regulatory motifs, packaging signals, and a spike protein that dictates host range.
one wrong mutation can collapse the system, which means they cannot be built like lego

Evo was able to generate sequences that rebooted into viable viruses.
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Read 11 tweets

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