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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Nov 8

New research in Cell Reports Medicine helps explain why women are more likely to develop #LongCOVID — and often experience more severe, persistent symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, and pain.

The key? Differences in the immune system, gut, and hormones. 1/

Researchers studied 78 people with LongCOVID (mostly mild initial cases) and compared them to 62 who recovered fully.

➡️ One year later, women with Long COVID showed clear biological differences — especially signs of gut inflammation and “leakiness.” 2/

The study also found anemia and hormone imbalances.
Women with LongCOVID had lower testosterone — a hormone that normally helps control inflammation.

➡️ Lower testosterone was linked to more fatigue, pain, brain fog, and depression. 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Oct 27

Urine tells the story of #LongCOVID:

➡️ New study identifies a molecular fingerprint for #LongCOVID (PASC) — using just a urine test.

➡️ Researchers found 195 urinary peptides that can accurately distinguish Long COVID patients from healthy and ME/CFS controls (AUC > 0.95). 1/

Researchers used urinary peptidomics to identify a molecular fingerprint of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC or LongCOVID).

➡️ Methods

-50 PASC patients (10 months post-infection) were compared with 50 controls (42 healthy + 8 with non-COVID ME/CFS).

-Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS) was used to analyze urinary peptides.

-A support vector machine (SVM) model was built to distinguish PASC cases from controls. 2/

➡️ Results

-195 urinary peptides showed significant differences between PASC and controls.

-Most peptides were fragments of collagen alpha chains, suggesting altered collagen turnover, inflammation, and endothelial injury.

-The classifier, named #PASC195, achieved excellent diagnostic performance:
•AUC = 0.949 (training)
•AUC = 0.962 (validation)

-Computational analyses suggested potential benefits from exercise, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Oct 22

Understanding Long COVID

➡️ Long COVID isn’t one disease — it’s a complex web of immune, vascular, and metabolic dysfunctions.
From fatigue & brain fog to heart & lung complications, it stems from viral persistence, autoimmunity, and mitochondrial damage. 1/

Proposed mechanisms:

1️⃣ Persistent viral reservoirs or antigen remnants

2️⃣ Reactivation of latent viruses (e.g., EBV)

3️⃣ Immune dysregulation & autoimmunity

4️⃣ Endothelial injury and microclots

5️⃣ Gut microbiome imbalance

6️⃣ Mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism impairment. 2/

Current management:

- largely symptomatic—rehabilitation, pacing, and supportive therapies.

-Emerging treatments: under study — antiviral drugs, immune-modulating agents, microbiome restoration, and mitochondria-targeted therapies.

-Vaccination: reduces risk and severity of LongCOVID. 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Oct 22

Fathers’ COVID & offspring

➡️ New research shows that paternal SARS-CoV-2 infection before conception can alter sperm RNA — leading to anxiety-like behavior & brain gene changes in offspring.

A biological “memory” of infection may pass across generations. 1/

Beyond infection: inheritance

➡️ Male mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 fathered pups with altered hippocampal transcriptomes & higher anxiety.
Injecting sperm RNA from infected males reproduced the same effects — clear evidence of RNA-based inheritance. 2/

COVID’s unseen legacy

➡️ Study suggests COVID infection in fathers may have transgenerational effects via changes in sperm small RNAs.
Adds a new layer to how pandemics shape health — not just for one generation, but possibly the next. 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Oct 13

A new study provides new evidence to help us redefine steroid use in TB care

➡️ Given the renewed interest in the steroid dexamethasone, as a host-directed treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Trinity College Dublin team provides evidence that treating patients with steroids may enhance the function of their macrophages to kill the mycobacteria, while diminishing pathways of inflammatory damage. 1/

The researchers goal was to determine whether dexamethasone impacts the macrophage's ability to fight TB. Although glucocorticoids can reactivate TB, they are paradoxically the only adjunctive host-directed therapies that are recommended by WHO for TB.

Steroids are given to patients alongside antimicrobials in certain circumstances; however, scientists don't fully understand the effect of these drugs on the immune system, especially innate immune cells such as macrophages. 2/

The researchers studied macrophages derived from the blood of healthy volunteers or isolated from lung fluid donated by patients undergoing routine bronchoscopies.

➡️ By treating and infecting these macrophages in the lab with Mtb, the scientists could examine and understand how dexamethasone affects the immune response that protects the lungs during infection. 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Oct 7

A NEW review explores how SARS-CoV-2 may influence cancer risk.

➡️ Unlike classical oncogenic viruses, it doesn’t insert viral oncogenes. Instead, its proteins:

-Inhibit tumor suppressors
-Activate growth, survival & inflammation pathways

👉 Potential role in cancer initiation & progression. 1/

Bioinformatic & experimental studies show direct interactions between viral proteins and host cellular components tied to cancer hallmarks.

➡️ These mechanisms could contribute to initiation, promotion, and progression of tumors, raising the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may act as an oncovirus.

👇The figure illustrates various key oncogenic signaling molecules or pathways targeted by SARS-CoV-2 NSP, N, M and S protein. The activation of oncogenic pathways can lead to the conversion of a normal cell into a cancer cell. 2/

The shared mechanisms between SARS-CoV-2 and key hallmarks of cancer including sustained proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, genomic instability, dysregulated cellular metabolism and epigenetic reprogramming.

👇The figure highlights how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with critical oncogenic signaling molecules or pathways. Specific SARS-CoV-2 proteins involved in these processes are marked. 3/

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