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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
@CraigBaird
Mar 4 • 11 tweets • 4 min read • Read on X
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In 1890, the Tariff Act came into place in the United States. It placed tariffs on imports of up to 50%.
While touted as a way to build American industry, there was also the hope it would force an annexation of Canada. It backfired.
Let's learn more.

🧵1/10 The image is a black-and-white political cartoon depicting a man in a suit standing behind a counter labeled "Republican Platform." He is holding a bottle labeled "Untaxed Whiskey, 20¢ Gal." in one hand and a piece of cloth labeled "War-Taxed Common Cloth, Tariff 84%" in the other. Above the counter, a sign reads, "If you don’t see what you want, ask for it." The cartoon, signed by W.A. Rogers, appears to satirize the Republican Party's economic policies, highlighting the disparity in taxation between luxury items like whiskey and essential goods like...
Put forward by William McKinley, who was a Congressman at that point, the Tariff Act put duties across imports ranging from 38% to 49.5%.
McKinley was called the Napoleon of Protection. While some items had tariffs eliminated, most had tariffs increased.

🧵2/10 The photo is a black-and-white portrait of a man wearing a formal dark suit, white shirt, and bow tie. His hair is neatly combed and parted to the side. He has a serious expression and is seated, with one hand resting on his lap. The background is plain and dark, keeping the focus on his attire and expression, suggesting a historical or official photograph, likely from the late 19th or early 20th century.
One reason for the tariffs was to force the annexation of Canada. The McKinley Tariff declined to make an exception for Canadian products.
It was hoped this would make Canada more reliant on the US market, and push Canadians to become the 45th state.

🧵3/10 The image is a black-and-white scan of a newspaper article or editorial excerpt. The headline reads, "A TRIUMPH FOR CANADIAN BARLEY." The text discusses the McKinley tariff bill, describing it as an example of "protectionism run mad," and notes that it has failed to achieve its goal of affecting Canadian farmers. Specifically, it mentions that the bill increases the import tax on barley from 10¢ to 30¢ per bushel, but this has not reduced the importation of eight to twelve million bushels of barley yearly from Ontario, benefiting the western farmer. The text is formatted...
Secretary of State James G. Blaine believed that annexation would eliminate competition with Canada over fishing and timber rights. Blane co-authored the Tariff Act.
He stated of annexation: "a grander and nobler brotherly love, that may unite in the end”

🧵4/10 describe photo The photo is a black-and-white portrait of an older man with a full, gray beard and gray hair, wearing a formal dark suit, white shirt, and bow tie. He has a serious expression and is seated against a plain, dark background. The image has a classic, historical feel, likely from the 19th century, suggesting it is a formal photograph of a notable figure, such as a politician or public figure.
British politician Lyon Playfair saw the Tariff Act for what it was. He called it a covert attack on Canada,
Both Britain and the United States believed the Tariff Act would drive Canada to join the United States.
In reality, it had the complete opposite result.

🧵5/10 The image is a black-and-white scan of a newspaper article excerpt from The Globe, dated November 15. The text reports on a speech by Sir Lyon Playfair, as cabled by the newspaper's London correspondent. The article highlights Playfair's address at Leeds, emphasizing his warning about the dangers of protectionism in the United States and his recommendation for Canada to adopt free trade principles. It mentions that Europe and Asia will contribute to Canada's future greatness and prosperity, potentially making it one of the greatest and most prosperous countries in the world through commerci...
The Tariff Act instead pushed Canada to align itself more with Britain. People began to rally behind their "love for Queen, flag, and country".
Sir John A. Macdonald used the tariffs as a rallying cry in the 1891 election and was able to win another majority government.

🧵6/10 The photo is a black-and-white portrait of an older man with gray, curly hair and a serious expression. He is wearing a dark suit, a white shirt, and a polka-dotted tie with a pin or medallion on it. The background is plain and dark, emphasizing the formal attire and the subject's composed demeanor. The image has a historical feel, likely from the 19th century, suggesting it is a formal photograph of a notable figure, such as a politician or public figure.
Within two years of the Tariff Act being passed, agricultural exports to Britain from Canada went from $3.5 million to $15 million.
Produce and animal exports to Britain grew from $16 million to $24 million during that same period.

🧵7/10 The image is a black-and-white scan of a newspaper article excerpt with the headline "Our Egg Trade With Britain." The text discusses a commercial bulletin (No. 4) related to eggs, poultry, canned goods, dressed and evaporated fruits. It highlights that exports of eggs from Canada to Britain are rapidly increasing and notes an almost unlimited market for Canadian eggs. The text is formatted in a dense, traditional newspaper column style, typical of the late 19th or early 20th century.
Minister of Trade and Commerce Mackenzie Bowell said:
“The McKinley Bill, instead of destroying the trade of this country, has only diverted it from the United States to England."
American consumers dealt with a sharp increase in prices.

🧵8/10 The photo is a black-and-white portrait of an older man with white hair and a full white beard, wearing a formal dark suit, white shirt, and bow tie. He has a serious expression and stands against a plain, dark background. The image has a historical feel, likely from the 19th century, suggesting it is a formal photograph of a notable figure, such as a politician or public figure.
The Republicans lost the 1890 Congressional elections, losing 93 seats while the Democrats gained 86.
In 1892, the Democrats gained control of the Senate, House and Presidency.
They then replaced the Tariff Act with a new act that lowered tariffs.

🧵9/10 The image is a black-and-white scan of a newspaper headline and article excerpt. The large, bold headline reads, "Cleveland Elected." Below it, subheadings state, "McKinleyism Is Ended Forever," "Tariff is a Tax," and "WE ARE THE PEOPLE!" The article mentions a "Perfect Landslide For The Democracy. The Democratic Cyclone of 1880 Repeated." The text is formatted in a dense, traditional newspaper style, typical of the late 19th century, likely celebrating the election victory of Grover Cleveland and the Democratic Party in 1892, opposing the p...
I hope you enjoyed that look at the McKinley Tariffs and the impact on Canada.

If you enjoy my Canadian history content, you can support my work with a donation at 👇


*sources in next post*

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More from @CraigBaird

Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Aug 29
On Aug. 29, 1977, A Farewell to Kings was released by Rush.
The album saw the band expand their sound. It also had one of the band's signature songs Closer To The Heart on it.
Today, it is considered one of the band's best albums.
This is its story.

🧵 1/14 A cover image for the album "A Farewell to Kings" by Rush, featuring a surreal scene with a ruined landscape, scattered debris, and a dilapidated wall. In the foreground, a figure dressed in regal clothing sits slumped in an ornate chair, with a crown placed on the ground nearby. The sky is a gradient of blue, and industrial structures are faintly visible in the background.
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🧵 2/14 A photo of a rural landscape featuring a large, old brick barn with a sloped roof and a smaller adjacent house with a chimney, both set against a cloudy sky. The buildings are surrounded by a green field with scattered molehills, enclosed by a simple wooden fence and overgrown bushes in the foreground. Trees and rolling hills are visible in the background.
For their new album, they wanted to record outside of Toronto. They had not done this before but they chose Rockfield Studios in Wales to record. The distance from home would eliminate many distractions for them. Most of the songs were put together in Wales.

🧵 3/14 A photo of a rural landscape featuring a large, old brick barn with a sloped roof and a smaller adjacent house with a chimney, both set against a cloudy sky. The buildings are surrounded by a green field with scattered molehills, enclosed by a simple wooden fence and overgrown bushes in the foreground. Trees and rolling hills are visible in the background.
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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Aug 28
Throughout this week, I am taking a nostalgic look at school supplies in Canada.
When you ask for a duotang elsewhere in the world, you may get some confused looks.
But in Canada, most Canadians are going to know exactly what you want.
This is Canada's story of duotangs!

🧵 1/5 A photograph of four colorful duotang folders stacked on a white background. The folders are red, green, yellow, and blue, with the blue one on top.
Unlike other bits of nostalgic school supplies history, this one does not originate in Canada.
Instead, Duo-Tang folders were manufactured by the Duo-Tang Company out of Chicago.
The company was founded in 1931 and after the Second World War moved to Paw Paw, Michigan.

🧵 2/5 A photograph of a cardboard box containing "Duo-Tang Covers," with the label indicating a quantity of 50 and a color of "Lt. Asst." The box is placed on a dark surface, and the label features a simple illustration of a person.
The name comes from Latin and Norse. Duo is Latin for two, while tang is Old Norse for a sharp metal object that is fastened to a handle.
Those two together create the name of the product.
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🧵 3/5 A photograph of a collection of notebooks and folders on a white background. The stack includes multiple colorful folders in orange, yellow, blue, gray, white, light green, and red, placed horizontally. In front, there is an open black notebook with a white interior page, secured with two metal fasteners.
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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Aug 27
Throughout this week, I am taking a nostalgic look at school supplies in Canada.
Today, it is LePage mucilage glue, something nearly every Canadian child used at some point.
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🧵 1/8 A vintage bottle of LePage's Grip Spreader Mucilage No. 7, featuring a dark glass body with a yellow and black label, and a red plastic cap with a damaged tip, set against a blue background.
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🧵 2/8 An old black-and-white illustration of a man with a full beard and wavy hair, wearing a high-collared shirt, depicted in a detailed, textured style.
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🧵 3/8 A vintage advertisement for LePage's Liquid Glue, featuring a whimsical illustration of anthropomorphic cats using the glue in a dark, spider-web-filled setting. The text "We All Use LePage's" and "Liquid Glue" is prominently displayed in bold red letters, with the slogan "It Sticks Everything" and a list of materials including ornaments, leather, glass, marble, and more. The scene includes cats at tables with glue bottles, a spilled container, and mice scurrying around, with a signature "J. Conant" at the bottom left.
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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Aug 24
Throughout this week, I am taking a nostalgic look at school supplies in Canada.
Today, it is the story of the maps that were in every classroom in Canada, all provided by a Canadian dairy and chocolate company.
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🧵 1/7 A vintage map of the Dominion of Canada, featuring a colorful illustration with a focus on the country's provinces and territories. The map is overlaid with advertisements for Neilson's chocolate bars, including Jersey Milk Chocolate, Jersey Nut, Malted Milk, and Crispy Crunch, with images of the chocolate bar wrappers placed at various points. The top and bottom borders of the map contain bold red text promoting Neilson's as "The Best Chocolate Bars in Canada" and "Jersey Milk Chocolate - The Best Milk Chocolate Made." The map includes detailed geographical features and...
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🧵 2/7 A black-and-white sketch of an older man with white hair and a mustache, wearing a suit and tie, depicted in a formal portrait style. The drawing includes detailed shading and is signed with the artist's initials "T.C." in the lower right corner.
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🧵 3/7 A black-and-white photograph of a large vintage billboard advertising Neilson's Jersey Milk Chocolate. The billboard features bold, stylized text with "Neilson's" at the top in an ornate font and "Jersey Milk Chocolate" prominently displayed below, along with the phrase "The Best Milk Chocolate Made." A smaller sign with the Jersey Milk Chocolate logo is centered on the billboard, which is mounted on a tall, lattice-like structure against a cloudy sky.
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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Aug 23
It is the longest recreational, multi-use trail network in the world.
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🧵 1/12 A map of Canada and parts of the United States, with a highlighted trail route marked in green, blue, and orange lines stretching across Canada from the east coast to the west coast, passing through cities like Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, Ottawa, Toronto, and Montreal. The map includes labels for geographical features such as Hudson Bay, Great Bear Lake, and Lake Huron, and cities like Seattle, Chicago, and New York.
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🧵 2/12 A newspaper article titled "Canada 125 suggests cross-Canada trail" by Charles Russell. The text mentions a citizen staff writer project, detailing a proposal for a trans-Canada trail, its organization, funding of $36 per meter from private donors or corporations, and a negative response from corporate Canada.
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🧵 3/12 A scenic view of a gravel trail winding through lush greenery, flanked by trees and grass. In the foreground, a wooden fence holds two signs: one reading "CALEDON TRAILWAY" with a logo of a bird and sun, and another for the "TRANS CANADA TRAIL" featuring a stylized maple leaf and people.
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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Aug 14
🎶 You don't know what you got 'til it's gone 🎶
There was a time when walking into certain department stores included the beautiful aromas of wonderful food.
Such was the case with the Zellers Restaurant.
This is its story!

🧵 1/6 Image
Zellers was established on Aug. 4, 1928 (some sources say 1931) in London, Ontario when Walter P. Zeller founded the first store. This first store was 7,000 square-feet and 60 women were hired on the opening day to work in 21 departments.

🧵 2/6 A black-and-white photograph of two men in formal suits sitting at a table, eating a meal with utensils. The table is set with plates, a glass of water, and a coffee cup. The background features a decorative curtain and ornate wall details.
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🧵 3/6 A black-and-white photo of a vintage diner kitchen with two women in aprons working behind the counter. The counter is equipped with various kitchen appliances, including a mixer and coffee urns, and is adorned with signs advertising menu items like "Golden Cheese Dream" and "Fish Fillet." The backdrop features the word "SKILLET" in large letters, and the setting includes hanging pots and a Coca-Cola sign.
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