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Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
@vipintukur
Apr 7 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
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A man who had recovered from COVID and tested negative on nasopharyngeal swab was found to have SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in his small intestine, especially in ulcerated areas. 1/ Image
This was associated with increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Fibronectin expression, as well as structural changes in intercellular junctions between intestinal cells. 2/ Image
SARS-CoV-2 can persist in the gut and cause long-term effects, inducing vascular and epithelial changes, even after it is no longer detected in the nose or throat. 3/ Image
This case study demonstrates the pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the GI tract, with a relevant virus effect at the level of vascular impairments and tight junction integrity, although the virus was no longer detected at nasopharyngeal level. 4/ Image
The observations support the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to significant and persistent alterations in gut morphology and function, even in patients who test negative for the virus in nasopharyngeal swabs. 5/5

virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…Image

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More from @vipintukur

Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 16
Does SARS-CoV-2 Possess “Allergen-Like” Epitopes?

It has been reported that repeated administration of some COVID vaccines induces high IgG4 levels.

New research revealed a surprising IgE anti-RBD response after both natural infection & several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. 1/ Image
Presence of IgG4 & IgE in COVID-19 suggests that the virus may induce an “allergic-like” response to evade immune surveillance, leading to a shift from Th1 to Th2 cells, which promotes tolerance to the virus & potentially contributes to chronic infection & may be LongCovid 2/ Image
An increase in IgG4 levels is typically associated w/ immunological tolerance & develops after prolonged exposure to antigens. While tolerance to an allergen benefits the host in Allergen Immunotherapy, in viral infection, it enables viral persistence rather than clearance 3/ Image
Read 12 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 15
Cells are swapping their mitochondria. What does this mean for our health?

Researchers are studying why Mitochondria, the energy factories are moving between cells and whether the process can be harnessed to treat cancer and other diseases. 1/. Image
It turns out that mitochondria can actually be transferred to other cells if needed.

Mitochondria move between different cells in 3 ways-through nanotubes, in extracellular bubble-shaped vesicles, or by free floating through the blood. 2/ Image
How mitochondria are getting around is largely settled, but what’s less clear is why. Researchers are learning that the process is often a form of cellular damage control. 3/ Image
Read 12 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 12
SARS-CoV-2 has been widely reported to cause retinal pathological changes and to infect the embryonic retina. The infection of host cells by SARS-CoV-2 is primarily mediated through spike (S) protein, which also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. 1/ Image
Spike protein exposure was studied in human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal organoids (hEROs) at various stages of retinal development. Immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and RT-PCR were used to determine how S protein exposure affects retinal development early and late 2/ Image
The results showed that ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the receptors facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, were expressed in hEROs. Exposure to the S protein induced an inflammatory response in both the early and late stages of retinal development in the hEROs. 3/ Image
Read 5 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 11
Researchers have identified a new set of genes that contribute to the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), which opens the door to previously untapped drug targets for treating PD.

PD is the 2nd most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. 1/ Image
A longstanding mystery in PD has been why some people carrying pathogenic variants that increase their risk of PD go on to develop the disease, while others who also carry such variants do not. The prevailing theory has suggested additional genetic factors may play a role 2/ Image
The researchers used a genome-wide CRISPR interference screen to silence each of the protein-coding human genes in cells and identified those important for PD pathogenesis. 3/
Read 12 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 11
A new study finds certain bacteria living in nose (nasal microbiome) may influence how likely someone is to get a COVID-19 infection. These bacteria can change crucial proteins the virus needs to enter human cells, explaining why some people are more susceptible to COVID 1/ Image
Post-infection ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in the upper respiratory tract has been linked to increased disease severity among adults, and higher post-infection ACE2 expression has been linked to increased secondary transmission among adults,and risk of infection in children. 2/ Image
In this study, elevated nasal ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression was associated with 3.6-fold increased risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to those with no detectable levels of ACE2 or TMPRSS2. 3/ Image
Read 6 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 9
Tackling the 'silent pandemic': Study puts first #LongCOVID treatment on horizon!

Researchers have shown a new drug compound can prevent long COVID symptoms in mice—a landmark finding that could lead to a future treatment for the debilitating condition 1/ Image
The world-first study found mice treated with the antiviral compound, developed by a multidisciplinary research team at WEHI, institute were protected from long-term brain and lung dysfunction—key symptoms of long COVID. 2/ Image
The pre-clinical studies have achieved something no currently approved therapy has done to date—preventing the most debilitating symptoms of long COVID in mice. 3/
Read 10 tweets

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