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Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
@vipintukur
Apr 7 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
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A man who had recovered from COVID and tested negative on nasopharyngeal swab was found to have SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in his small intestine, especially in ulcerated areas. 1/ Image
This was associated with increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Fibronectin expression, as well as structural changes in intercellular junctions between intestinal cells. 2/ Image
SARS-CoV-2 can persist in the gut and cause long-term effects, inducing vascular and epithelial changes, even after it is no longer detected in the nose or throat. 3/ Image
This case study demonstrates the pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the GI tract, with a relevant virus effect at the level of vascular impairments and tight junction integrity, although the virus was no longer detected at nasopharyngeal level. 4/ Image
The observations support the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to significant and persistent alterations in gut morphology and function, even in patients who test negative for the virus in nasopharyngeal swabs. 5/5

virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…Image

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More from @vipintukur

Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 7
A NEW nasal spray H5N1 vaccine!

Researchers have pioneered an influenza virus vector-based nasal spray vaccine platform and developed a nasal spray H5N1 avian influenza vaccine. 1/ Image
Genetic surveillance has identified mutations that enhance H5N1's affinity for human upper respiratory cells, raising concerns that further adaptation or recombination with seasonal flu could significantly increase the risk of a pandemic. 2/ Image
Preparation for a potential H5N1 pandemic is urgent, with the U.S. allocating 500 million USD to pharmaceutical companiesfor mRNA-based vaccine development. 3/ Image
Read 8 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 3
Researchers have developed an oral antiviral drug candidate for COVID-19 that could overcome major limitations of Paxlovid, currently the most prescribed oral treatment. 1/ Image
As with its predecessor, the new drug candidate, Jun13296, targets a different viral protein than Paxlovid does and works alone rather than in combination with another drug called ritonavir. 2/ Image
This new compound, #Jun3296 is more potent than the 1st generation candidate. In animal studies, this 2nd-generation inhibitor still provides 90% protection at just one-third dose of the initial compound and significantly outperforms it in reducing viral loads in the lungs. 3/ Image
Read 9 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 2
Even after 5 yrs since its arrival, SARS-CoV-2 mutations keep emerging. A new variant LP.8.1 is rising. Almost 1 in 5 COVID cases in New South Wales are it. In the UK, it accounts for at least 3 in 5 cases. Just what is LP.8.1? Is it worrying? 1/ Image
LP.8.1 was first detected in July 2024. It’s a descendant of Omicron, specifically of KP.1.1.3, which is descended from JN.1, a subvariant that caused large waves of COVID infections around the world in late 2023 and early 2024. 2/ Image
The WHO designated LP.8.1 as a variant under monitoring in January. This was in response to its significant growth globally, and reflects that it has genetic changes which may allow the virus to spread more easily and pose a greater risk to human health. 3/ Image
Read 8 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Apr 1
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds fibrinogen, causing thrombo-inflammation, according to a recent study. The virus must bind to fibrinogen, but why? Could this relationship help the virus evolve? Could this cause post-COVID heart attacks? 1/ Image
Scientists often think they grasp a virus's anatomy, tricks, and body movement. But occasionally, we discover something unexpected that radically transforms how we view an infection. 2/ Image
Some strategies are well documented: antigenic drift, glycan shielding, immune suppression. But every so often, we stumble upon a novel mechanism that redefines our understanding of viral pathogenesis. 3/ Image
Read 17 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Mar 27
COVID-19 increases the risk of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. The virus alters the immune system in unknown ways, making it difficult to design medicines to prevent post-COVID autoimmunity. 1/ Image
One leading hypothesis involves viral “molecular mimics”—proteins from the virus that resemble the body’s own proteins. These mimics may trigger an immune response against the virus but unintentionally cause the immune system to target healthy tissues as well. 2/ Image
Thanks to recent advancements in data analysis and machine learning, scientists have now identified a set of SARS-CoV-2-derived molecular mimics that may play a role in initiating autoimmune responses. 3/ Image
Read 10 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
Mar 27
mRNA-COVID-19 vaccines train the 'long-term memory' of immune system

Researchers have determined that the novel mRNA-COVID-19 vaccines not only induce acquired immune responses such as antibody production, but also cause persistent epigenetic changes in innate immune cells 1/ Image
Thus, vaccination with mRNA vaccines could lead to an enhanced immune response to future encounters with pathogens which are not specifically targeted by the vaccine. 2/ Image
These findings reveal that mRNA vaccines cause epigenetic 'training' of innate immune cells, sustaining immunological response. Epigenetic alterations may enable long-lasting innate immunity that enhances acquired immune system protection. 3/ Image
Read 12 tweets

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