JWeiland Profile picture
Apr 27 5 tweets 2 min read Read on X
I'm not sure if we'll get quite as low in transmission this spring as the minimums the last 2 years because of a very low winter peak not as efficiently cleaning up the susceptables. A bit of uncharted territory, since immunity is waning but we don't have strong variant growth. Image
Even without a strongly growing variant, I'm still confident we will have a decently sized summer wave. Parts of the south and west basically had no wave at all in the winter, thus the susceptibility is slowly increasing. Image
But the question is, how long will the decline hold on until we start the summer increase without a new fast variant? If the decline hangs on until late May or June, we may get below 2023/24's lows.
What I mean by cleaning up the susceptables: a large wave will blow past the threshold of people infected to get to Re<1.0 much further than in a small wave. Thus the decline down after will be faster and likely lead to a deeper minimum. That's how we got so low after BA1 in 2022
If NB.1.8.1 has any significant speed in the US, it will elevate the summer wave. I don't know what it will that variant look like for the US yet after it grew quickly in Hong Kong. Very different immunity backgrounds in the populations.

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More from @JPWeiland

Apr 14
🧬 Variant Evolution Rate Since 2020

We witnessed a huge weekly growth advantage in new variants for the first year after Omicron arrived, and then to a lesser extent after Pirola. Now we have 9 months of the lowest growth advantages since 2020. 🧵 Image
Both Alpha and Delta had only moderate divergence from their predecessors, but they increased transmission in a time with a mountain of people with no immunity to severe disease. Their waves of cases were moderate, but the waves of death and hospitalization were huge. Image
Omicron came in and wiped more than half of immunity to infection without heavily impacting resistances to severe disease. What it also did was open up a lot of new evolutionary potential for immune escape, and BA.2, BA.5, and XBBs demonstrate that impact well
Read 6 tweets
Mar 11
▶️ An interesting saltation was found yesterday by variant trackers.. 3 samples of a highly divergent BA.3 in South Africa with 57 AA spike mutations. Samples were taken Nov-Jan, so it doesn't have a ton of speed (at least yet), but is worth watching. 1/ Image
It currently lacks both 455 and 456 mutations that have been critical for immune escape in the last 16 months. If it is able to find those before its candle runs out, I think it has a chance to outcompete the current variants. 2/
I completely agree with this take from @LongDesertTrain - I was pessimistic about BA.2.87 due to the uphill battle against JN.1. The current relatively slow movement of variants could give this new BA.3 enough time to evolve mutations to jump start spread
Read 5 tweets
Jan 20
How accurate are my infection estimates? The calibration is based on 2020-early2022 historical WW&case data, so we have no easy way to validate today's calibration in the US.

But we do have *measured* UK prevalence in December 2023 that arrives very close to my US estimates. Image
This is unfortunately about as good of validation as we can have since we don't measure prevalence directly in the US. UK and US are obviously not the same entity, but they do tend to spike together in December each year. Their data was not used to feed my calibration, so it..
..is reassuring that they arrived at very similar numbers on their actual prevalence measurements.

It would be great if the US did a similar measured prevalence study of their own, but we don't have anything like that at the moment.
Read 4 tweets
Dec 27, 2024
The sequence from the 2nd severe H5N1 case in North America (Louisiana) has been released, and again, ⚠️has mutations that favor a2,6. Is it simply a coincidence that both severe cases have 2,6 favoring mutations? Or is this an indication of severity with 2,6?
I don't like this. Image
Link to the CDC update: cdc.gov/bird-flu/spotl…
@HelenBranswell wrote about this development further in STAT
Read 4 tweets
Dec 21, 2024
PSA (again): *Never* use the last 3 or 4 days of WWscan averages. They're always wrong, and I keep seeing this mistake being made. Half the time it's a straight line up or down. The midwest showed a vertical spike a couple days ago then it got reduced by 40% a day later. Image
Image
@WastewaterSCAN is a fantastic resource, but it has an averaging issue in the latest few data points, as they dont have samples from all of their sites yet, so it's not comparing apples to apples. They should consider averaging to tmax-4 days in their algorithm.
By the way here is what the NE looks like with t-5 days Image
Read 4 tweets
Dec 16, 2024
Dec 16th update:

Increasing numbers this week as the holiday season kicks in. I believe the prior week was undersampled and this week was oversampled. ED data shows a slower rise over 2 wks (next post)

🔸286,000 new infections/day
🔸1 in every 112 people currently infected Image
Emergency department data is currently 5 more days up to date than WW, and the trend looks quite different. Slow, steady increases. The reality may lie somewhere between them. I didn't post a WW update last week because I thought the decrease was a mirage. Image
Either way, we are still over 3x lower on case levels than the prior two years at this time. But we are getting back to moderate levels of spread- just not the large surge we are used to at this time.

I have kept my calibration consistent.
Read 4 tweets

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