72 hours without your phone rewires neural pathways tied to impulse control and reward.
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These findings are from a study in @ELSpsychology which used a functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the effects of smartphone restriction over 72 h in 25 young adult smartphone users. 2/8 sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
With the increasing popularity of smartphones in the past decades, physical, social, and psychological consequences of excessive smartphone use (ESU) have been increasingly debated. 3/8
Cue-reactivity (CR) has been discussed as a core mechanism driving this behavior, and previous studies have highlighted distinct neural mechanisms underlying CR in individuals with ESU. 4/8
The CR-task used contrasts of images showing smartphones vs. neutral stimuli and active vs. inactive smartphones. 5/8
CR-related brain activity changes over time were most prominent in the nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.001). 6/8
Such changes were significantly associated with dopamine- and serotonin-receptor probabilities, with significant associations between parietal cortex activity and craving detected. 7/8
Overall, this study provides evidence for CR-related modulation of neural activity in key regions of salience, motor-inhibition, and reward processing after 72 h smartphone restriction. 8/8
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Exercise can impact the morphology/function of a range of tissues including muscle, bone, fat, vasculature, immune cells, and the nervous system, but the mechanisms by which physical activity regulates inter-tissue communication are still poorly understood. 3/10
Light treatment had the same effect as an antidepressant - with earlier response and less side effects.
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These findings are from a study in @APA_Journals which compared the effectiveness of light therapy and an antidepressant for the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. 2/9 psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/aj…
Seasonal affective disorder is the term applied to a clinical subtype of mood disorder that consists of recurrent episodes of major depression occurring with a seasonal pattern. 3/9
Severe exercise reversibly reduces brain myelin content.
Myelin lipids may act as glial energy reserves in extreme metabolic conditions.
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These findings are from a study in @NatMetabolism which used magnetic resonance imaging to study the impact of marathon running on brain structure in humans. 2/12 nature.com/articles/s4225…
Prolonged endurance exercise mobilizes energy stores throughout the body to meet energy demands; marathon runners primarily rely on carbohydrates as the main energy source during a race. 3/12
Psilocybin led to increased brain complexity & spontaneous behaviour in a person with a post-comatose disorder of consciousness.
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These findings are from a case report in @ClinicalNeuroph which describe the first-ever administration of psilocybin, a classic psychedelic, to a patient in a minimally conscious state. 2/10 sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
With very few treatments available, post-comatose disorders of consciousness (DoC) pose one of the hardest challenges in modern neurology. 3/10
The amygdala is a brain region involved in stress.
Resting metabolic activity of the amygdala significantly predicts the development of cardiovascular disease.
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These findings are from a study in @TheLancet which aimed to determine whether resting metabolic activity of the amygdala predicted risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. 2/10 thelancet.com/journals/lance…
Stress prompts activation of both the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, leading to increases in circulating catecholamines, glucocorticoids, and (eventually) inflammatory cytokines. 3/10
A new theory suggests that myelin acts as a proton capacitor, accumulating energy during sleep.
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These findings are from a paper in @ElsevierConnect which discussed a novel hypothesis as to why living organisms need sleep. 2/12 sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Myelin is formed by specific glial cell types (oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system) that generate a multilayer sheath around nerve cell axons. 3/12