Brian Feroldi Profile picture
May 8 10 tweets 2 min read Read on X
I bought my first stock 21 years ago.

Here are 21 harsh investing truths I learned the hard way:

1: The worst mistake is to sell a mega-winner early Image
2: Humans are pre-programmed to be bad at investing.

3: Your personal finances are 10x more important than your investments.

4: Handle volatility is 100x easier in theory than in reality.
5: Confidence in your strategy will rise and fall in lock-step with asset prices.

6: The best stocks put their owners through gut-wrenching volatility. The worst stocks do, too.

7: You're going to be wrong—a lot. Be humble.
8: It's never as good as it seems or as bad as it seems.

9: Successful investing requires an uncomfortable mix of pessimism and optimism, which is damn hard for our brains to handle.

10: Graduate school taught me a lot of complex calculations that only work in theory.
11: History + psychology are the most important subjects for investors to study.

12: Consistently avoiding ruin is the most underrated financial skill.

13: Frauds, bad investments, good investments, and how to perfectly time the market are only obvious in hindsight.
14: Interest rates matter. A lot.

15: The stock market will always attract people who are in a rush to build wealth and build wealth for people who are not in a rush.

16: No amount of words can explain what a 50% drop feels like.
17: "Make more, spend less, invest simply, and wait longer" is the best financial advice.

18: Consistently avoiding ruin is the most underrated financial skill.

19: Activity is not progress.
20: Ignore predictions. They are useless at best, dangerous at worst.

21: 99% of investors should dollar cost average into index funds and call it a day
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I teach investors how to analyze businesses.

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More from @BrianFeroldi

May 6
How to Read 10Ks Like a Hedge Fund

Here’s what metrics professional analysts focus on (using $MA as an example:) Image
1: Business overview.

Understand everything about how the business works, like:
- What is the business model?
- Who are the key suppliers, distributors, partners?
- Revenue quality?(Recurring? Recession proof?)
- What is the revenue split from products / services? Image
2: Risk Factors

Most of these are standard.

Identify the risks that are company-specific and make sure you understand them. Image
Read 14 tweets
May 5
"I actually spend more time looking at balance sheets than income statements."

- Warren Buffett, 2025 Shareholder Meeting

Here's exactly how to analyze a Balance Sheet in less than 2 minutes: Image
The balance sheet is one of the three major financial statements.

It shows a company’s:
▪️Assets: What it owns
▪️Liabilities: What it owes
▪️Shareholders Equity: It's net worth

At a fixed point in time Balance Sheet
That “at a point in time” part is key!

A balance sheet is a SNAPSHOT of a company’s net worth.

It is measured at the end of a quarter/year. Image
Read 11 tweets
May 4
The most confusing term in accounting:

Stock-Based Compensation

How does it work? Why is it controversial?

Here’s a complete overview (in plain English): Image
How can shareholders incentivize executives & employees to think & act like owners?

Stock-based compensation (SBC) has become the standard answer.

SBC pays executives and employees with stock instead of cash.
In theory, SBC aligns employee + owner incentives.

Employees make more money when the stock goes up and less (or nothing) when the stock goes down.

This makes employees care about the direction of the stock.
Read 17 tweets
May 3
Charlie Munger HATED it.

John Malone LOVES it.

Most people have NO CLUE what it means.

What is EBITDA? Why is it important?

Here's everything you need to know about this controversial accounting term: Munger vs Malone
EBITDA is an accounting term that is an alternative way to measure a company's profitability.

EBITDA is simply an acronym: Image
To calculate EBITDA, you start with Net Income (Earnings).

Then you add back Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. Image
Read 21 tweets
May 2
7 ridiculously simple money rules (that actually build wealth):

Rule #1 - The Tracking Rule Image
Rule #2 - The Employer Match Rule Image
Rule #3 - The Automation Rule Image
Read 9 tweets
May 1
Warren Buffett's favorite book:

Securities Analysis by Ben Graham

Here are the most powerful lessons every investor should know: Image
1. Investing versus speculating

Investors make decisions based on the facts and value of the asset.

Speculators make decisions based on other participants' behaviors.

Know the difference: Image
2. Good business vs. bad business

Graham defines in simple terms what makes a business "good".

The inverse of these conditions makes it "bad."

Investors should focus on buying good businesses. Image
Read 11 tweets

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