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Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
@VirusesImmunity
May 16 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
Published today! Victoria Bastos, @KerrieGreene_ et al found two distinct immunotypes of ME/CFS based on the cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Great collaboration with @MBVanElzakker @microbeminded2 and the Bragée clinic in Sweden. (1/)
academic.oup.com/jimmunol/artic…
This is perfect timing as Victoria will present these data at the @polybioRF symposium today. (2/)

polybio.org/spring-2025-sy…Image
Based on cerebrospinal fluid cytokines, we identified two clusters of ME/CFS patients. Cluster 1 had elevated matrix metalloproteinases & many cytokines compared to cluster 2. Other than older age (Cluster 1), clinical presentation of these clusters was similar. (3/) Image
While we do not know why some people with ME/CFS have elevated MMPs and cytokines, our data suggest potentially distinct drivers of disease that manifest in similar clinical phenotypes. Future studies are needed to probe therapeutic pathways suitable for these clusters. (4/) Image
Congratulations to all the authors for this important work 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼 We thank @weandmecfs @polybioRF and Carol Cirot Foundation, NIH and @HHMINEWS for supporting this work, and for all the patients for heroically donating CSF for our research 🙏🏼 (end) Image

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More from @VirusesImmunity

Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
May 13
Published today📣
Our nasal booster in the "Prime & Spike" vaccine works without adjuvants (which are needed to induce adaptive immunity but also cause inflammation). @Kwon_Dongil @tianyangmao @BenIsraelow et al. asked how this is possible. (1/)
nature.com/articles/s4159…
Prime & Spike is a vaccine strategy that leverages preexisting immunity primed by conventional vaccines to elicit mucosal IgA and T cell responses that prevent COVID infection and transmission in rodents. The nasal booster is simply the spike protein (2/) science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
Our new study shows that the nasal spike protein booster converts lymph node memory B cells into IgA-secreting cells in the lung with the help of memory CD4 T cells. Ag-specific CD4 T cells replace all the necessary functions of adjuvants without nonspecific inflammation! (3/)
Read 5 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
May 10
This prospective observational study led by @connorbgrady @bornali_27 @SilvaJ_C @hmkyale examined the impact of the primary COVID-19 vaccination on the symptoms and immune signatures of 16 people with #longCOVID. Here is what we found 👇🏼 (1/)

nature.com/articles/s4385…
This study asked: Does COVID vaccination improve symptoms of long COVID? If so, is the improvement due to robust T and B cell responses leading to the clearance of the viral reservoir? If not, is there an immune feature that predicts worsening of LC? (2/)
The self-reported impact of vaccination was variable. Of the 16 long COVID patients, 10 felt better, 3 had no change, and 3 had worse health (1 hospitalized) 12 weeks after vaccination. Both physical and social effects of symptom burden appeared to decrease after vaccination. (3/)Image
Read 6 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Feb 20
Our preprint on post-vaccination syndrome is out. We studied immune signatures and examined spike protein in the blood of people who have developed chronic illnesses after COVID-19 vaccination. (1/) medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Vaccines have saved countless lives and inspired me to become an immunologist. While generally safe, some people experience adverse effects, including Post-Vaccination Syndrome (PVS). Studying PVS is crucial for improving patient care and enhancing vaccine safety & acceptance. (2/) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37986769/
To explain the study and results, @MalloryLocklear wrote this excellent summary. (3/)
news.yale.edu/2025/02/19/imm…
Read 6 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Nov 8, 2024
Happy to share our latest work by @YYexin et al. on antibody-mediated control of endogenous retroviruses in mice. In the process, we found “natural antibodies” with broad reactivity against enveloped viruses. Here is how “panviral” antibodies work 🧵(1/)

science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are remnants of genetic invaders that have integrated into our ancestors' genomes over millions of years. ERVs occupy ~8% of the human genome and are under constant host immune surveillance. (2/)
nature.com/articles/nrg31…
nature.com/articles/nrmic…
This work started over 7 years ago when @YYexin and @rebecca_treger began to examine why ERVs reactivate in certain mouse strains. Through many genetic crosses, we figured out that secreted IgM recruits complement to suppress infectious ERV from emerging. (3/) Image
Read 16 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Oct 13, 2024
This time, we developed a nasal booster vaccine for influenza viruses. In this preprint, @MiyuMoriyama et al. show that nasal boosters with unadjuvanted hemagglutinin protein induce sterilizing immunity in mice against flu. (1/)
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
This work builds on the Prime and Spike vaccine strategy by @tianyangmao @BenIsraelow et al. against COVID where mRNA vaccine followed by nasal booster with recombinant spike protein established local immunity, ⬇️ infection & transmission in rodents. (2/)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
For Prime and HA against flu, @MiyuMoriyama tested several different mRNA IM prime and nasal HA booster doses, followed by a homologous influenza virus challenge. Like Prime and Spike, no adjuvant is needed for the nasal booster due to preexisting immunity from Prime. (3/) Image
Read 11 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Oct 11, 2024
Much-needed data on the genetics of #longCOVID in a new preprint by @23andMeResearch - GWAS of #LongCOVID identified 3 loci pointing to immune and thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms 🔥 @ninaadsc
1) HLA-DQA1–HLA-DQB
2) ABO
3) BPTF–KPAN2–C17orf58
(1/)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
Among research participants who reported acute SARS-CoV2 infection, 64,384 participants reported to have experienced Long COVID and 178,537 participants did not. Their analytical cohort consisted of 54,390 cases and 124,777 controls 👇🏼 (2/) Image
The top locus was in the HLA-DQA1–HLA-DQB intergenic region. Further analysis showed that HLA alleles HLA-DRB1*11:04, HLA-C*07:01, HLA-B*08:01, and HLA-DQA1*03:01 were significantly associated with #LongCOVID. In other words, crucial genes for T cell target detection! (3/)
Read 8 tweets

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