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The Sato Lab (Kei Sato) Profile picture
@SystemsVirology
Jun 7, 2025 • 8 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
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BREAKING🔔 The 53th paper from G2P-Japan🇯🇵 is out at Lancet Infectious Diseases @TheLancetInfDis. We elucidated the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 NB.1.8.1. Please repost🔥 1/
thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
NB.1.8.1 is a descendant strain of XDV (XDV is a recombinant of XDE, FL.13.4 and JN.1) and is currently spreading in Asian countries. 2/ Image
NB.1.8.1 has 7 mutations in spike and 23 mutations in the non-spike region compared to JN.1. Compared to XEC spike, NB.1.8.1 spike has 4 substitutions, G184S, K478I, A435S and L1104V. 3/ Image
Transmissibility (Re, relative effective reproduction number):
The Re of NB.1.8.1 was ~1.1-1.2-fold higher than that of LP.8.1, a major variant recently. This suggests that NB.1.8.1 has the potential to become the major variant in the near future. 4/ Image
Pseudovirus infectivity:
The infectivity of NB.1.8.1 was higher than that of LP.8.1 but lower than that of XEC. Compared to XEC, K478I and L1104V were the substitutions contributing to lower infectivity. 5/ Image
Immune resistance:
50% neutralizing titer of NB.1.8.1 in both XEC convalescent sera and JN.1 vaccine sera was similar to that of XEC and LP.8.1🤔 6/ Image
In sum, the advantage of NB.1.8.1 over LP.8.1 may be attributed to its higher infectivity. However,
1, Some data are inconsistent with another paper by @yunlong_cao
2, There are many mutations other than spike.
Therefore, more detailed study will be required. 7/
FYI, this is the paper published by @yunlong_cao recently↓ 8/8
thelancet.com/journals/lanin…

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More from @SystemsVirology

The Sato Lab (Kei Sato) Profile picture
Feb 11, 2025
BREAKING🔔 The 50th🎉 paper from G2P-Japan🇯🇵 is out at Lancet Infectious Diseases
@TheLancetInfDis. We elucidated the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 LP.8.1. Please repost🔥 1/
thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
In spike, LP.8.1 has 9 mutations (S31del, F186L, R190S, R346T, V445R, F456L, Q493E, K1086R, and V1104L) compared with JN.1; and 8 amino acid residues (T22N, S31del, F59S, F186L, R190S, R346T, H445R, and K1086R) differ between the spike proteins of LP.8.1 and XEC. 2/ Image
Transmissibility/fitness (Re):
Epidemic dynamics modeling led by Jumpei @jampei2 and Kaho showed that the Re of LP.8.1 is ~1.1-fold higher than that of XEC in 🇺🇸. However, the Re of LP.8.1 and XEC were almost comparable in 🇯🇵. Difference between countries🤔?? 3/ Image
Read 7 tweets
The Sato Lab (Kei Sato) Profile picture
Nov 21, 2024
#拡散希望 速報🔔 G2P-Japan🇯🇵の新しいプレプリント「JN.1対応mRNAワクチンが誘導する中和抗体の効果の評価」を、bioRxiv @biorxivpreprint に発表しました。1/
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
本研究では、#ファイザー 🇺🇸🇩🇪のワクチンと、#第一三共 🇯🇵の国産ワクチンを接種した方の、ワクチン接種前後の血清を用いた検討実験を行いました。
まず朗報として、２つのワクチンで誘導される中和抗体の活性に大差はなく、どちらの血清も、JN.1のみならずKP.3.1.1やXECの感染を強く抑制しました。2/ Image
しかし、科学的観点からは、注目すべき点がふたつ。

その１。われわれは最近、JN.1やKP.3.3の「自然感染」では、強い中和抗体活性が誘導されないことを示しました。しかし上述の通り、JN.1ワクチンでは、強い中和活性（NT50; 50%中和抗体価）が誘導されています。この違いはいったい🤔？ 3/ Image
Read 9 tweets
The Sato Lab (Kei Sato) Profile picture
Nov 21, 2024
BREAKING🔔 A new study from G2P-Japan🇯🇵, led by Keiya @Keiya717, is out at @biorxivpreprint. We assessed the humoral immunity induced by JN.1 mRNA vaccines against a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 variants including JN.1, KP.3.1.1 & XEC. Please repost🔥 1/
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
In this study, we used 2 mRNA vaccines, one is from Pfizer/BioNTech🇺🇸🇩🇪, while another is from Daiichi-Sankyo🇯🇵. The good news is that there are no significant differences between them and both broadly neutralized a variety of SARS-CoV-2 including JN.1, KP.3.1.1 and XEC. 2/ Image
But there are two scientific interests.

First, compared to our recent study using JN.1 and KP.3.3 breakthrough (i.e. natural) infection sera, antiviral humoral immunity against KP.3 and XEC was weakly induced. However, JN.1 mNRA vaccine can. Why🤔?? 3/ Image
Read 8 tweets
The Sato Lab (Kei Sato) Profile picture
Oct 17, 2024
BREAKING🔔 A new study from G2P-Japan🇯🇵, led by Yu in my lab, is out at bioRxiv @biorxivpreprint. We elucidated the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 #XEC. Please repost🔥 1/
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
Compared with KP.3, #XEC harbors two spike substitutions, S:T22N and S:F59S. Recombination analysis by Shusuke @KawakuboShusuke showed that XEC is a recombinant lineage of KS.1.1 (JN.13.1.1.1) and KP.3.3 (JN.1.11.1.3.3) with a breakpoint at genomic position 21,738–22,599. 2/ Image
Image
Transmissibility/fitness (Re):
Molecular phylogenetic-epidemic dynamics modeling led by Jumpei @jampei2 and Kaho showed that the Re of #XEC is greater than that of KP.3.1.1, the most predominant variant in the world. 3/ Image
Read 7 tweets
The Sato Lab (Kei Sato) Profile picture
Jul 17, 2024
#拡散希望 速報🔔 G2P-Japan🇯🇵の新しい研究成果「新型コロナウイルス変異株KP.3.1.1のウイルス学的特性の解明」について、プレプリント公開に先立って速報します。本研究では、最近いくつかの国で増加傾向にある、JN.1の子孫株である新しい変異株KP.3.1.1の特性を検証しました。1/
春になり、JN.1の子孫株が出現し、それらが優勢になり始めています。現在本邦は第11波に入っていますが、それはこれらのJN.1の子孫株によって引き起こされています。現在の流行状況などについては、本日公開の最新コラムで解説しています↓ 2/
そのひとつ、KP.2 (JN.1.11.1.2)については、すでにG2P-Japan🇯🇵が論文として報告しています。3/
Read 10 tweets
The Sato Lab (Kei Sato) Profile picture
Jul 17, 2024
BREAKING🔔 Here I want to quickly report our new results from G2P-Japan🇯🇵 before the preprint publication. We have elucidated the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 KP.3.1.1 - a progeny of JN.1. Please RT🔥 1/
Cf.1 A new one, KP.2 (JN.1.11.1.2), has been already elucidated. 2/
Cf.2 Another new ones, KP.3 (JN.1.11.1.3), LB.1 (JN.1.9.2.1) and KP.2.3 (JN.1.11.1.2.3), have also been already elucidated. 3/
Read 8 tweets

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