Mushtaq Bilal, PhD Profile picture
Jun 21 3 tweets 3 min read Read on X
This MIT paper arguing that using ChatGPT worsens one's performance on neural, linguist, and behavioral levels recently went viral.

Got millions of views. TIME and CNN covered it too.

But most people agreeing with it haven't read it.

Interestingly, researchers themselves used an AI Agent to evaluate essays.

I'm reading it closely to see if it withstands critical scrutiny.

Follow along for my commentary:The title page of the paper, "Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task"
The purpose of the study is to find out the "cognitive cost" of using an LLM while writing an essay.

The research team recruited 54 participants and divided them into 3 groups of 18 each and conducted 4 writing sessions.

Group 1: used ChatGPT to write essays
Group 2: used normal Google search
Group 3: no ChatGPT, no Google, only brain

54 is a very small sample size. It was reduced even further to 18 in the 4th and decisive session. This means that the linguistic and neural performance only 9 ChatGPT users was evaluated in the 4th session.

The study's claim that using AI worsens your linguistic and neural performance is based on an analysis of only 9 participants.

In addition to an AI agent, human teachers also evaluated these essays.Abstract of the paper, "Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task"
Researchers analyzes three things across these groups:

1. Named Entities Recognition: Identification and classification of entities into predefined categories en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named-ent…

2. n-grams: Sequence of particular symbols or words in a give order: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-gram#:~…

3. Ontology of topic: Organization and representation of entities in hierarchical terms.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_…Abstract of the paper, "Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task"

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More from @MushtaqBilalPhD

Jun 18
Google Scholar and PubMed show you research papers, but not how they are connected.

Here's how to supercharge your literature review with "visual search," which shows how paper are connected:

(And export papers to Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote) A screenshot of search results in Google Scholar.
A graph of related papers created by Research Rabbit.
1. Go to Google Scholar or PubMed and look up papers relevant to your project.

Read through the results and pick a paper that you find interesting.

Open the paper and copy its title or DOI.
2. Go to researchrabbit(dot)ai and sign up for a free account.

Once you've logged in, click on the "New Collection" button in the top-left corner and create a collection.

Research Rabbit will show you a big green button that says "Add Papers."
Read 13 tweets
Jun 16
😢
ChatGPT: $20/m
Claude: $20/m
Gemini: $20/m
No access to academic databases❌

😃 Chat Academia: $15/m only

ChatGPT + Claude + Gemini
Integrated with six databases✅
Plus, Zotero integration, 50GB storage

Here's a detailed overview of Chat Academia's features:
1. Go to and click on "Get started."

You'll need to buy a subscription to use the app.

Chat Academia offer three plans: $15/m, $30/m, and $45/m. chatacademia.com
2. AI Chat

Once you've logged in, click on "AI Chat" and then "Create chat" in top right.

In "Model," select the AI model you want to use, and in "Tools," select the databases.

Type in a question and it will give you an answer with reference to papers in selected databases.
Read 22 tweets
Jun 14
This is incredible!

otto-SR, an autonomous AI agent reproduced 12 systematic reviews from April 2024 Cochrane issue in just 2 days saving 8,000+ hours per review.

A single systematic reviews usually takes a year. This means, otto-SR did 12 years of labor in 2 days. A screenshot of the landing page of otto-SR.
otto-SR outperformed humans in abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction. A screenshot of the landing page of otto-SR.
Read 4 tweets
Jun 13
List of university presses that offer free access to academic books (links included):

You can read books online for free and also download their PDFs.

If you know any press like this that's not included in the list, please post about it under this thread.
1. University of California Press
ucpress.edu/book-lists/ope…
2. Cornell University Press
cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open/
Read 13 tweets
Jun 13
Presentations: every academic has to give them and nobody likes preparing them.

Genspark can help you draft your presentation in minutes. And its Fact Checker ensures all information is accurate.

Polish it up, give it a personal touch, and voilà, your presentation is ready:🧵
1. Go to to sign up for a free account. genspark.ai
2. On top of the chat box, select "AI Slides" and upload a paper you want to make a presentation of.

Tell Genspark to create a presentation based on the paper. Specify the number of slides and your audience. That's it.

It'll give you a decent draft of your presentation.
Read 12 tweets
Jun 7
Finding papers for literature review, downloading them, and organizing them takes time, a lot of time.

Genspark's Download Agent automates this whole process.

It searches relevant papers, downloads, and organize them in folders with a single prompt.

Here's how to use it:
1. Go to and sign up for a free account. genspark.ai
2. In the search bar, type in your research topic and ask Genspark Super Agent to download relevant papers. That's it.

It will search the web and download the papers.
Read 11 tweets

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