Ludger Woessmann Profile picture
Jun 23 13 tweets 4 min read Read on X
📢New paper in the Economic Journal @EJ_RES:

👉Differences in patience can account for substantial regional variation in educational achievement within countries

Data on Facebook interests allow us to derive regional measures of patience



A🧵 1/9 academic.oup.com/ej/advance-art…Image
“Patience and Subnational Differences in Human Capital:
Regional Analysis with Facebook Interests”
w/ @EricHanushek, @KinneLavinia & P. Sancassani

Decisions to invest in human capital depend on time preferences
➡️New perspectives on longstanding within-country disparities
2/9
Regional differences in student achievement are large & longstanding:
Difference in math achievement between top- & bottom-performing 🇺🇸 states ≈ ⅔ of cross-country differences
Equivalent to > 2 years of learning
Similar for 🇮🇹 regions
3/9
We combine the massive data available from social media –Facebook interests– with machine-learning algorithms to construct novel regional measures of patience within 🇮🇹 Italy & 🇺🇸 U.S.

Geographic patterns of patience coincide with longstanding North-South disparities
4/9 Image
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We validate the approach with a cross-country analysis of patience and Facebook interests
5/9 Image
▶️Main result:
Patience is strongly positively associated with student achievement across regions in both countries
Accounts for ¾ of achievement variation across 🇮🇹 regions and ⅓ across 🇺🇸 states
Lower 🇺🇸 estimate possibly related to internal mobility
6/9 Image
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Finding is confirmed in identification strategy that employs variation in ancestry countries of current population of 🇺🇸 states
7/9 Image
Results are consistent for 6 additional countries with more limited regional achievement data
🇧🇷🇨🇦🇩🇪🇰🇿🇲🇽🇪🇸
8/9 Image
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Short VoxEU piece on the paper:
cepr.org/voxeu/columns/…

Link to the paper at the Economic Journal:
academic.oup.com/ej/advance-art…
9/9
📢FYI: New paper in EJ on patience & regional achievement: @albertobisin @ProfTDee @BenjaminEnke @GalorOded @zingales @JRuhose @MariaBigoni1 @Borty_ste @acrumin @raganpetrie @klausvanieper @iyadrahwan @Econ_Sandy @jmontalbancas @AndreaIchino @SarahCohodes @uZoelitz @karthik_econ
📢FYI: New paper in EJ on patience & regional achievement: @karthik_econ @JeffDenning @edwinleuven @ALPWillen @MariSRege @pqblair @ChristinaFelfe @astrid_mjs @Gabri_EllaConti @hooster1 @ProfTDee @BenjaminArold @simon_jaeger @MatthewAKraft @giu_sorrenti @ariel_kalil @profsimonb
📢FYI: New paper in EJ on patience & regional achievement: @instrumenthull @D_Langenmayr @Lars_Feld @KhoaVuUmn @MathiasHuebener @jhaushofer @angrist_noam @CaciliaLipowski @FelixWeinhardt @mdoepke @CEDR_US @Lnavarrosola @econjeffsmith @margherita_fort @FabianKosse @DrNathanNunn
📢FYI: New paper in EJ on patience & regional achievement: @FuestClemens @ECONMunich @RationalityCRC @ifo_Education

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More from @Woessmann

May 13, 2024
📢Neue ifo-Studie:

Ungleiche Bildungschancen:
Ein Blick in die Bundesländer

Starke Ungleichheit der Bildungschancen von Kindern mit verschiedenen familiären Hintergründen in ALLEN🇩🇪Bundesländern, aber auch deutliche Unterschiede.



Ein🧵
1/8 ifo.de/publikationen/…
Image
Wir vergleichen die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Gymnasialbesuchs für

Kinder mit niedrigerem Hintergrund (weder Elternteil mit Abitur🧑‍🎓noch oberes Viertel der HH-Einkommen💰) mit der für

Kinder mit höherem Hintergrund (mind. ein Elternteil Abitur u/o oberes Einkommensviertel)
2/8 Image
Wir betrachten den Unterschied im Gymnasialbesuch zwischen Kindern mit niedrigerem und höherem Hintergrund:
1⃣relativ = Chancenverhältnis
2⃣absolut = Chancendifferenz
3/8
Read 10 tweets
Oct 4, 2023
🚨 New Working Paper:

Religion and Growth

w/ @essobecker & @jaredcrubin

We use the elements of a macroeconomic production function—physical capital, human capital, labor, and technology—to frame the role of religion in economic growth.



🧵1/9 monash.edu/__data/assets/…
Image
Our framework conceptualizes religion as a “deeper” determinant of growth inputs that shapes indiv prefs, societal norms + institutions.

Synthesizing a disjoint lit this way highlights aggregate effect of religion on growth + opens interesting directions for future research.
2/9 Image
1⃣Religion affects physical capital accumulation by influencing thrift + financial development.

➡️Thrift, saving + capital accumulation: Protestant Ethic I
➡️Fin. dev.
a) Interest restrictions in Christianity+Islam
b) Islamic finance, comm. enterprises + capital accumulation
3/9 Image
Read 11 tweets
Oct 17, 2022
🚨At least ⅔ ‼️ of the world’s youth do not reach even basic skill levels

That’s the bottom line of our new paper:

“Global Universal Basic Skills:
Current Deficits and Implications for World Development”
w/ @sarages & @EricHanushek

Out @ NBER: nber.org/papers/w30566
A🧵1/10
Ensuring that all of the world’s youth have at least basic skills is a prime development goal by itself,

but reaching such a goal also has immense importance for inclusive & sustainable world development.

See @UN‘s @SDGoals #4: ensure quality education for all 2/10
This paper addresses 2 intertwined questions:
1⃣How far is the world away from ensuring that every child obtains the basic skills needed to be internationally competitive?
2⃣What would accomplishing this mean for world development?
[ungated version: sites.google.com/view/woessmann…] 3/10
Read 15 tweets
Oct 10, 2022
📢Paper out in @EFPJournal

“Long-run Trends in the U.S. SES-Achievement Gap”
w/ @EricHanushek @jlight_ @Paul_E_Peterson+L. Talpey

👉Against current conventional wisdom, we find that the SES-achievement gap has FALLEN modestly over past 4 decades.

doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a…
A🧵1/5
Rising US inequality raises concerns about potentially widening gaps in educational achievement between children raised within families of high + low socio-economic status (SES).
2/5 Image
We use all tests that are psychometrically linked over time: LTT-NAEP, Main-NAEP, TIMSS + PISA.
Using individual data for over 1.5 million students, we construct an index of SES based on parental education + home possessions for 93 separate test-subject-age-year observations. 3/5 Image
Read 9 tweets
Jan 18, 2022
📢New WP🚨
“Income Contingency and the Electorate’s Support for Tuition”
w/ Philipp @lergetporer

👉Experimentally replacing regular upfront by deferred income-contingent payments increases public support for tuition by 18 (!) perc. points.

A 🧵
1/7
👇
cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_… Image
Paper shows that electorate’s preferences for using tuition to finance higher education🧑‍🎓strongly depend on design of payment scheme.
Deferred income-contingent scheme (🇦🇺🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🇳🇿): payments are due only after graduation and must be paid only if income exceeds certain threshold.
2/7
Income-contingent financing has attractive efficiency & equity properties. @dynarski
Optimal dynamic tax theory: income contingency provides incentives for human capital accumulation while insuring against income risk. @S_Stantcheva @SebastianFind @Dominik__Sachs
3/7
Read 9 tweets
Mar 16, 2021
Just accepted at @EconomicaLSE:

“Does Ignorance of Economic Returns and Costs Explain the Educational Aspiration Gap?
Representative Evidence from Adults and Adolescents”
w/ P. @lergetporer & K. Werner

A thread (1/6)

(Spoiler: it’s “no”)

drive.google.com/file/d/1ET6GGo… Image
In our representative German survey, 74% of university graduates, but only 36% of those w/o a univ degree favor a univ degree for their children.

Similarly, aspiration gap of 24 pp. between adolescents w/ and w/o univ-educated parents. (2/6) ImageImage
Can lack of information on returns & costs of univ among persons w/o univ background explain these aspiration gaps?

Experimental information provision indeed raises aspirations.

But treatment effects are at least as strong for those w/ univ background as for those w/o. (3/6)
Read 8 tweets

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