The first big improvement is that the output is more precise, and interactive. For each data point we tell you the date, the reads mapped, the total reads in each sample, and the reads/billion for each pathogen.
The heat map color is dictated by reads/billion.
2/
As before, we have a dropdown menu (now divided into categories) where you can do a city-to-city comparison of the different pathogens.
We hope to show more locations soon. 3/
If you are not a visual person, we also now have written and audio alternatives for learning the ‘weather report’. 4/
The written discussion link leads to a weather forecast-styled readout on the various pathogens. 5/
And the audio report…you just have to listen to it. It will immediately be obvious what the report is styled on.
6/
My favorite addition is that we now have a dashboard for select animal viruses detected from wastewater. Some of these make sense, other do not (at least not yet). 7/
You will notice that many of the most prevalent animal viruses in Columbia are pig viruses. 8/
This is one of many virus types that are not equal across sewersheds. Columbia is the only city among these 5 that has a significant swine input. This is at least in part, if not entirely, from university research facilities that have pigs. 9/
If you go to Chicago it’s different; you see a lot more viruses coming from birds and rodents. This is because Chicago has combined sewers.
Storm water mixes with wastewater so you get a sampling of the urban wildlife. 10/
The animal viruses in Chicago are fairly similar to those in Boston, which also has combined sewers. 11/
However, we see more fish viruses from Boston.
We see a lot more fish contribution in Boston wastewater in general. In particular, it’s the only location of these 5 where we see a lot of cod and flounder species (lots of fish processing in Boston). 12/
There are also viruses that make no sense at all.
This calici-like virus surged in Columbia last Fall, but nowhere else. It most likely infects an insect or an arachnid. No idea where it is coming from but very curious to see if it returns this Fall. 13/
Another mystery mentioned before is an Ampivirus.
It’s only known to infect amphibians.
Its appearance is both seasonal (Spring) and sewershed-specific. Columbia is not a combined sewersystem, so it probably isn’t from the wild.
We don’t know where it’s coming from. 14/
Remember that we are currently only scratching the surface of the thousands of types of viruses we detect every week. We intend to add many more in the future.
15/
This project involved many collaborators and community partners. @Securebio in particular.
Thanks to our sponsors Inkfish and OpenPhilanthropy. 16/
Finally, be sure to click the icon at the bottom.
I’m not going to tell you what it is, but here’s a hint: It’s what people that grew up in the 80s think of when they see a heat map.
17/17
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
A new cryptic lineage popped up in St Louis a few weeks ago.
I’ve been sampling this sewershed (500k people) twice a week for years and the first time I see this cryptic lineage it is 5 years old and makes up 50% of the sample. 1/
I believe the cryptic is a B.1.1 (circulated until early 2021), but it’s possibly even a B.1.
Clearly pre-Omicron though. 2/
The genome is ridiculously predictable.
At least part of the sequences had s2m intact with the 29758G fix.
We found a new (I think) cryptic lineage this week.
I know I say this all the time, but this is really weird.
Warning, this thread is for nerds only.
1/
Here’s what we do. Every week we download all of the new sequences from SRA and run a bunch of screens to look for anachronistic or cryptic lineages.
This new one popped up in 3 different screens.
2/
A good way to spot anachronistic lineages is to look for sequences that have been deleted in contemporary lineages. The virus can only undo a deletion through recombination. If we find seqs that lack the deletions, they have to be old (or contaminated with something old).
3/
Here’s a forecast from a wastewater perspective (because sh*t don’t lie)
1/
Background. The 4 main kinds of influenza circulating among humans (in order of severity) are:
FluA H3N2
FluA H1N1
FluB
FluC (many don’t know this one)
2/
Last season, there was a pretty even split between H1N1 and H3N2, with a little bit of FluB late in the season. At least according to CDC patient data. 3/
This preprint just came out. @wchnicholas and team reconstructed and tested the NJ Spike and found that it has the tightest ACE2 binding of any SC2 Spike ever measured. 2/ medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
We first found the NJ variant in 2023 because this sewershed from NJ with 1.5 million people because it regularly had a sequence that was a reversion to the bat sarbeco sequence, which is common in cryptics. 3/
We are not the first group to do unbiased sequencing of wastewater to monitor circulating viruses, but I think we are the first to ever do it at this scale.
Weekly wastewater samples for 18 months, totaling over 85 Billion sequence reads.
2/
Among the ‘known’ viruses, there was a fairly even split between bacteria viruses (phages) and eukaryotic viruses.
This was just raw reads though, if you look at diversity there was considerably more species of phages. 3/