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Roy🇨🇦 Profile picture
@GrandpaRoy2
Jul 3 • 7 tweets • 5 min read • Read on X
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As Ukraine introduces high speed drone interceptors to defeat Russian “Shahed-136” (Rus: Geran-2) kamikaze UAVs, it should be anticipated that the Russians will react with countermeasures.
The battle between Russian reconnaissance UAVs and Ukrainian FPVs provides a template.
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Special Ukrainian FPVs began intercepting and destroying large numbers of reconnaissance drones such as “Zala” and “Supercam”.
The Russians first responded with an EW system that detected the video signal of the FPV, and initiated strong jamming in that frequency.
2/
This system apparently had some success, but was replaced by a rear-facing camera and an automated evasion program, possibly with some machine learning.
Upon sighting an approaching FPV, the Russian UAV automatically turns and dives, significantly complicating final attacks.
3/ Image
The rear cameras with evasion would most likely be the first countermeasure mounted on Shaheds if the Ukrainian interceptors continue their successes.
The recently seen Shahed with AI autonomy and terrain following is likely much too expensive to be made in large numbers.
4/
Shaheds use satellite navigation, and the struggle between increased Ukrainian EW jamming and more jam-resistant Russian CRPA antenna systems will continue.
The first 4-element “Cometa” has been replaced with 8, 12, and now 16 element CRPAs produced by Russia, China, and Iran.
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Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas resist jamming by adjusting reception.
Using multiple elements directions of minimal sensitivity are steered towards a jammer, while maintaining gain for GPS signals.
Adaptive beamforming counters multiple jammers, giving stable reception.
6 Image
Sources
unian.ua/weapons/viyna-…
t.me/infomil_live/1…
t.me/serhii_flash/4…
t.me/VictoryDrones/…
militarnyi.com/uk/news/rosiya…

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More from @GrandpaRoy2

Roy🇨🇦 Profile picture
Jul 6
Russian blogger Alexei Zhivoff argues that Ukraine now has excessive diversity in types of drones.

“The Ukrainian Armed Forces are drowning in the diversity of attack drones, but local analysts consider this a bad sign.
1/ Image
“This year, the Ukrainian Defense Ministry codified a record 600 types of weapons - including about 250 drone models and another 100 types of ammunition. This is twice as many as last year.
2/
“However, the increase in the number of manufacturers - there are now more than 500 - does not always correlate with the growth of the technological level and the improvement of the frontline support.
3/
Read 13 tweets
Roy🇨🇦 Profile picture
Jul 4
A Russian blogger reveals the pressures faced by a net drone operator distracted by many observers while attempting to take down Baba Yagas.

“There is an important point that is rarely discussed out loud - psychological pressure on the operator when using the net launcher.
1/
“When the operator moves to the target, he is already under stress: the interception is live, the broadcast is monitored by commanders, colleagues, sometimes the entire headquarters. Commands are flying into the radio:
2/
“ ‘Higher!’ - ‘Lower!’ - ‘Come on, shoot!’ - ‘Don't let us down!’

All this prevents concentration. The operator begins to worry, rush, fire at the wrong moment. The result is a miss.
And the enemy drone continues the mission.
3/
Read 16 tweets
Roy🇨🇦 Profile picture
Jul 2
A Russian “Chernika-2” (Черніка-2; Blueberry-2) kamikaze UAV was recovered that apparently has autonomous terminal targeting capability.
This cheap foam and plastic UAV has a 100km range and carries a formidable 3.5kg warhead.
1/ Image
The capabilities of this drone are roughly similar to the Russian “Molniya-2”, in particular the warhead capacity.
A Russian KZ-6 shaped-charge 3kg demolition device has been frequently used as a warhead for the Molniya, or equivalent such as the KOBCh-2.5.
2/ Image
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Chernika-2 apparently also has an autopilot function to a specific target area, so the operator doesn't need to constantly control it.
The terminal strike stage of the flight can be controlled by the operator, or handed off to the targeting algorithms if jamming is present.
3/ Image
Read 4 tweets
Roy🇨🇦 Profile picture
Jun 30
A Ukrainian company called UADamage has developed a machine-learning drone that uses four different sensors to detect landmines.
With day and infrared cameras, a magnetometer, and a ground penetrating radar (in development), up to 10,000 square meters can surveyed in a day.
1/ Image
The system is trained with machine learning algorithms to automatically detect explosive objects by analyzing magnetic field maps, combined with the use of a magnetometer.
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The flash drive is removed after each flight and inserted in a computer.
The sensor data is then fused into a single map of the surveyed area.
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Read 4 tweets
Roy🇨🇦 Profile picture
Jun 28
Further information has been released regarding the downed Shahed-136s with imaging guidance and AI capabilities.
Details of materials and electronic components indicate Iranian fabrication.
The camera is an analog thermal imager for both reconnaissance and terrain following.
1/ Image
The NVIDIA Jetson Orin AI board is specialized for both video processing tasks and AI.
Information from the camera is compared to stored models to select a target in autonomous mode, or stored maps for terrain following.
Each system is intended to defeat Ukrainian GPS jamming.
2/ Image
Another jam resistant component is a CRPA satellite navigation system, in this sample a 4-element antenna connected to the Iranian “Nasir” GPS.
This system is capable of receiving satellite signals in both the L1 and highly accurate L5 bands.
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Read 5 tweets
Roy🇨🇦 Profile picture
Jun 27
“Drone war is not the future, it is yesterday.”
A Russian blogger gives advice on surviving under the constant gaze of Mavic drones.

“How to survive under the ‘bird’: the fight against small surveillance UAVs.
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“Where there is Mavic, there is death. This is not a joke, but the everyday reality of the front. Small enemy reconnaissance aircraft fly without days off or holidays. Here's how not to become a meatball in their reports.
2/
“1. A drone detector is a soldier's best friend
A group must have at least one, or better yet, a pair of devices like ‘Bulat’. Cheaper than a death notice. Constant air monitoring is a rule of survival.
3/ Image
Read 14 tweets

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