Madhu sudhan Reddy Pakala Profile picture
Jul 9 11 tweets 2 min read Read on X
Learn the Art of Constructing smart Answers for UPSC CSE MAINS.

An INTRODUCTION can be written in at least 9 different ways.

1) Definition-Based Introduction
2) Current Affairs-Based Intro
3) Fact/ Data-Based Introduction
4) Historical Background

Bookmark 🔖 and Practice ✍️.
5) Quote-Based Introduction
6) Contextual/ Anecdotal Introduction.
7) Contrast-Based Introduction.
8) Conceptual Introduction.
9) Comparative Introduction.
1) Definition-Based Introduction:

Define the key term(s) in the question.

Example: “Globalisation refers to the increasing interconnectedness of economies and societies across the world.”
2) Current Affairs-Based Introduction.

Start with a recent event, report or news relevant to the topic.

Example: “The recent release of the IPCC report highlights the urgency of addressing climate change impacts globally.”
3) Fact/ Data-Based Introduction:

Use a relevant statistic, report or index.

Example: “According to NCRB 2022, crimes against women have increased by 15% compared to the previous year.”
4) Historical Background:

Give a brief historical context.

Example: “Since independence, India has focused on planned economic development through successive Five-Year Plans.”
5) Quote-Based Introduction:

Begin with a relevant quote (keep it short and relevant).

Example: “As Mahatma Gandhi said, ‘The true measure of any society can be found in how it treats its most vulnerable members.’”
6) Contextual/ Anecdotal Introduction.

Set the context with a situation or real-life example.

Example: “The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerabilities in India’s public health infrastructure.”
7) Contrast-Based Introduction:

Show contrast to highlight the issue.

Example: “Despite being the world’s fastest-growing economy, India continues to struggle with pervasive poverty.”
8) Conceptual Introduction:

Explain the broader idea behind the question.

Example: “Inclusive growth is the cornerstone of sustainable development in a diverse country like India.”
9) Comparative Introduction:

Compare and relate two entities. Here- Success and wellbeing.

Example: The Success of Nation is Ultimately measured by the wellbeing of its people.

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More from @Pakalamadhu11

Mar 27
Common topics of UPSC CSE and CAPF Examination.

One of my students identified topics from PYQs that are common to UPSC CSE and CAPF examination and you shouldn't miss those topics.

Below are the list of Topics. Bookmark 🔖 Image
Environment Image
Polity Image
Read 5 tweets
Feb 26
Gandhi can easily give you 4 marks in UPSC prelims.
Studying Gandhi Will either help you eliminate options or he will directly give you around 4 marks.

So, give a quick read about Gandhi chronology. Bookmark 🔖
"MOHAN DAS TO MAHATMA":

19th Century: Gandhi's Early Life & South Africa Years

1869 - Born at Porbandar, Gujarat

1876 - Education in a primary school, Rajkot (Age 7)

1882 - Marriage with Kasturba, Porbandar (Age 13)

1887 - Passed Matriculation Examination (Age 18)
1888 - Reached London to study law; joined the Inner Temple (Age 19)

1891 - Called to the Bar (Age 22)

1892 - Legal practice: Rajkot and Bombay (Age 23)

1893 - Sailed to South Africa as a Legal Advisor to Dada Abdulla & Co. (Age 24)
Read 17 tweets
Oct 27, 2024
The core Concepts of Polity are beautifully covered in the NCERT'S. But, most aspirants neglect these hidden gems & directly jump to the Laxmikant book.

The end result is that, the aspirants cannot even answer the difference between Democracy and Republic. Image
Here is a smart technique to cover the entire polity in theme wise to have a better understanding.

Theme 1: DEMOCRACY
Theme 2: CONSTRUCTION
Theme 3: ELECTORAL POLITICS
Theme 4: INSTITUTIONS
Theme 5: Judiciary & Local government
Theme 6: RIGHTS
Theme 7: India since Independence
Theme 1: DEMOCRACY

Class 6:
CH 1: Understanding Diversity
CH 2: Diversity and Discrimination

Class 8:
CH 7: Understanding Marginalisation
CH 8: Confronting Marginalisation
CH 9: Public Facilities

Class 9:
CH 10: What is Democracy? Why Democracy ? Image
Read 13 tweets
Oct 16, 2024
To clear UPSC Prelims Exam, First focus on these 50 most important topics.

Polity:
1) Preamble
2) Fundamental Rights
3) DPSP
4) President and Governor
5) PRI
6) Emergency: Art 352-360
7) Parliament & State Legislature
8) Federalism
9) Niti Ayog
10) Constitutional bodies.
Geography:

11) Climatology : Insolation and Heat Budget, Humidity, Clouds, Atmospheric Circulation-Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Circulation, Temp Inversion.
12) Rivers and Lakes in News
13) Agriculture: Finance, Subsidies, MSP, Patterns, Crops.
14) Soils
15) Vegetation
16) Minerals & Industries (Iron, Solar Tech etc) + Minerals in News.

17) Mapping: Places in News (I will be posting them regularly here as Tweets- So follow me)

18) Oceanography: Temperature & Salinity, Ocean Acidification, Tides, Ocean currents.

19) Hills & Mountains.
Read 6 tweets
Sep 24, 2024
This is a Theme based Approach to study Geography for better understanding.

Posting Part-2 (From Theme 7 to Theme 12).

Theme 1 to 6 is posted as the previous tweet.

Bookmark 🔖 and Repost 🔄 Image
Theme 7: Biogeography (Soil)

Class 6:
Chapter 5: Major Domains of the Earth

Class 7:
Chapter 6- Natural Vegitation and Wildlife.

Class 11
Chapter-15Life on the Earth
Chapter- 16 Biodiversity and Conservation Image
Theme 8: Indian Geography Part 1

Class 6
CH 7: Our Country: India

Class 9
CH 1: India - Size and Location
CH 2: Physical Features of India
CH 3: Drainage

Class 11
CH 1: India - Location
CH 2: Structure and Physiography
CH 3: Drainage System Image
Read 9 tweets
Sep 21, 2024
As promised. I am Listing the Class and chapter names that you are supposed to study for Geography.

Don't waste your time by reading NCERT'S from Cover to Cover.

This is a Theme based Approach to study Geography for better understanding.

Bookmark 🔖 and Repost. Image
GEOMORPHOLOGY

Theme 1: Origin and Evolution of Earth

Class 6
Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System
Chapter 2 Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes
Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth
Class 11
Chapter 2 The Origin and Evolution of the Earth Image
Theme 2: Internal Structure of the Earth

Class 7Chapter 2: Inside our Earth
Class 11 Chapter 3: Interior of the Earth

Topic: Types of rocks and their formation

Class 11: Chapter 5: Minerals and Rocks
Read 7 tweets

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