Learn the Art of Constructing smart Answers for UPSC CSE MAINS.

An INTRODUCTION can be written in at least 9 different ways.

1) Definition-Based Introduction
2) Current Affairs-Based Intro
3) Fact/ Data-Based Introduction
4) Historical Background

Bookmark 🔖 and Practice ✍️. 5) Quote-Based Introduction
6) Contextual/ Anecdotal Introduction.
7) Contrast-Based Introduction.
8) Conceptual Introduction.
9) Comparative Introduction.

Common topics of UPSC CSE and CAPF Examination.

One of my students identified topics from PYQs that are common to UPSC CSE and CAPF examination and you shouldn't miss those topics.

Below are the list of Topics. Bookmark 🔖 Environment

Gandhi can easily give you 4 marks in UPSC prelims.
Studying Gandhi Will either help you eliminate options or he will directly give you around 4 marks.

So, give a quick read about Gandhi chronology. Bookmark 🔖 "MOHAN DAS TO MAHATMA":

19th Century: Gandhi's Early Life & South Africa Years

1869 - Born at Porbandar, Gujarat

1876 - Education in a primary school, Rajkot (Age 7)

1882 - Marriage with Kasturba, Porbandar (Age 13)

1887 - Passed Matriculation Examination (Age 18)

The core Concepts of Polity are beautifully covered in the NCERT'S. But, most aspirants neglect these hidden gems & directly jump to the Laxmikant book.

The end result is that, the aspirants cannot even answer the difference between Democracy and Republic. Here is a smart technique to cover the entire polity in theme wise to have a better understanding.

Theme 1: DEMOCRACY
Theme 2: CONSTRUCTION
Theme 3: ELECTORAL POLITICS
Theme 4: INSTITUTIONS
Theme 5: Judiciary & Local government
Theme 6: RIGHTS
Theme 7: India since Independence

To clear UPSC Prelims Exam, First focus on these 50 most important topics.

Polity:
1) Preamble
2) Fundamental Rights
3) DPSP
4) President and Governor
5) PRI
6) Emergency: Art 352-360
7) Parliament & State Legislature
8) Federalism
9) Niti Ayog
10) Constitutional bodies. Geography:

11) Climatology : Insolation and Heat Budget, Humidity, Clouds, Atmospheric Circulation-Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Circulation, Temp Inversion.
12) Rivers and Lakes in News
13) Agriculture: Finance, Subsidies, MSP, Patterns, Crops.
14) Soils
15) Vegetation

This is a Theme based Approach to study Geography for better understanding.

Posting Part-2 (From Theme 7 to Theme 12).

Theme 1 to 6 is posted as the previous tweet.

Bookmark 🔖 and Repost 🔄 Theme 7: Biogeography (Soil)

Class 6:
Chapter 5: Major Domains of the Earth

Class 7:
Chapter 6- Natural Vegitation and Wildlife.

Class 11
Chapter-15Life on the Earth
Chapter- 16 Biodiversity and Conservation

As promised. I am Listing the Class and chapter names that you are supposed to study for Geography.

Don't waste your time by reading NCERT'S from Cover to Cover.

This is a Theme based Approach to study Geography for better understanding.

Bookmark 🔖 and Repost. GEOMORPHOLOGY

Theme 1: Origin and Evolution of Earth

Class 6
Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System
Chapter 2 Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes
Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth
Class 11
Chapter 2 The Origin and Evolution of the Earth

KEY POINTERS FOR EFFECTIVE ANSWER WRITING

1. Proper subheadings – verbatim from question
2. Equal emphasis on all sub parts
3. Generate points through templates.
4. Avoid verbosity.
5. Word limit.
a. 10 marker – 140 words
b. 15 markers – 230 words

Bookmark 🔖 it. 6. Indentation – always start from right of the bullet.
a. for main and especially for the sub points
7. Reduce font size.
8. Underline less – only keywords.
9. Introduction and conclusion –
a. No underlining
b. Keywords in inverted commas
c. 4 lines max having 20-25 words.

Why is Sanjeev Sanyal wrong on civil services exam preparation?

"If you fail in anything in life, someone will come up to tell you that you wasted your time. UPSC aspirants deserve respect for the path they choose and not discouragement" Sanjeev sanyal says it is perfectly fine to attempt the UPSC or other such exams, but only if the person wants to be an administrator. The problem is that lakhs of people are spending 5-8 years repeatedly doing this exam as a ‘way of life’. It is such a waste of youthful energy"

To all the UPSC aspirants.

Get clarity on OBC non creamy layer certificate.

8 lakh income criteria, most of the time is NOT applicable & even if your family income is more than 8,00,000( 8 lakh), you can be ELIGIBLE.

Bookmark 🔖 and Repost this Tweet. Also salary and income from Agriculture is not included in the 8 lakh test.

Moreover your own income is not included for the income test. Only the income of your Parents (Mother and Father)

OBC is given based upon your father’s and mother’s income and status.

Rio Conventions forms core of Environment

- UNCBD
- UNCCD
- UNFCCC
- Rio +10, +20

Short Notes & timeline for #UPSC Pre & Mains

Like & RT To save them for further revision 🔖 1. World Earth Summit (92)

- Creation of the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)
- United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
- Adoption of Agenda 21: A comprehensive plan of action for sustainable development

CoP-28 was in News

Compiled 10 Declarations for Environment 📑

Important ones asked in #UPSC PYQs

Bookmark & Like for Easy Revision for Prelims 1. Rio Declaration

Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development, 1992)

- Polluters pay principle was advocated
- Precautionary approach to be widely applied
- Advocates for Environmental Impact Assessment
- 27 principles guiding national environmental behavior

Cyclones confuse #UPSC Aspirants🌀

- Anti-Cyclone
- Tropical Cyclone
- Temperate Cyclone

Made Short Notes for you to Revise & Remember

Bookmark & Like to add them to your notes 🔖 Cyclones:

• Centers of low pressure with closed isobars

• Wind circulation is from outside towards central low pressure

• Inward flow due to pressure gradient force & Coriolis force

• Note: Anti-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere & Clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere

In Both of my #UPSC Interviews, there was a question on Indian Monsoon ⛈️

Undoubtedly UPSC's Favourite Topic. I've compiled my own notes here 📑

Bookmark this valuable 🧵 & add them to notes 🔖 1. Onset of Monsoon in India

- April-May Intense land heating creates low pressure
- High-pressure south draws southeast trades
- ITCZ shifts northward, leading to the southwest monsoon
- Easterly jet stream triggers Indian monsoon after westerly jet withdrawal

Soil: Types and It's Features

I have compiled short notes about ALL types of Soil for #UPSC

Bookmark this high-value 🧵 to clear ALL your doubts What is Soil?

- The mixture of rock debris and organic materials develops on the earth‘s surface
- In ancient times, soils used to be classified into two main groups – Urvara and Usara, which were fertile and sterile, respectively