We debated how to best display this. There are over 100 rhinovirus serotypes, and we wanted to display their prevalence over space and time. Too many dimensions.
This was our first stab at it.
4/
First, we only listed the serotypes that have appeared in at least 4 consecutive samples.
They are ordered based on when they first appeared in 4 consecutive samples.
Time goes left to right, starting in 2024. Larger circles mean more of that serotype detected. 5/
In the legend you can toggle the different sewersheds we are reporting (hopefully adding more soon).
6/
The rhinoviruses have been most prevalent in late Spring, and most of the prevalent serotypes in Columbia last year are not prevalent this year. 7/
And if you look at the other locations, most of the serotypes prevalent in Columbia this year were prevalent everywhere. 8/
This is fascinating. Although the rhinoviruses were usually surging in Spring, there was an outbreak of C42 in Fall of last year and it occurred in every one of the sewersheds coast-to-coast.
Who knew? 9/
That's it for now. We continue to recruit more sewersheds in partnership with @SecureBio.
More updates to come.
10/10
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Starting this week, over 5 million international visitors from at least 48 countries will be descending on 16 cities in North America.
The average visitor will stay 1-3 weeks.
2/
Distribution will not be random. Teams will generally play each of their games in a different city, and their international fans will presumably move in mass with them. 3/
Imagine a hole the size of a football field that is 700 feet deep.
Now fill it up with wastewater, and remove a tablespoon.
That was our starting material for this study.
1/
Using an untargeted sequencing approach, we were not only able to identify a single measles patient from that sample, but we were able to confirm that the sequence of the virus specifically matched the virus from that patient.
It's now 17 months old, which is really quite old for a COVID lineage.
Every so often there is a sweeping lineage that displaces everything in circulation, but when that doesn't happen the existing 'clans' fight it out with each other.
1/
The longest running clan is the current one. BA.2.86 emerged around July 2023 and is still going strong.
This is the RBD of the original BA.2.86, and some of its descendants from 17 months later.
2/
The second longest lasting was the XBB clan. It emerged around August of 2022 and lasted until early 2024.
Again, here is the original RBD and the RBDs 17 months later.
A new cryptic lineage popped up in St Louis a few weeks ago.
I’ve been sampling this sewershed (500k people) twice a week for years and the first time I see this cryptic lineage it is 5 years old and makes up 50% of the sample. 1/
I believe the cryptic is a B.1.1 (circulated until early 2021), but it’s possibly even a B.1.
Clearly pre-Omicron though. 2/
The genome is ridiculously predictable.
At least part of the sequences had s2m intact with the 29758G fix.
We found a new (I think) cryptic lineage this week.
I know I say this all the time, but this is really weird.
Warning, this thread is for nerds only.
1/
Here’s what we do. Every week we download all of the new sequences from SRA and run a bunch of screens to look for anachronistic or cryptic lineages.
This new one popped up in 3 different screens.
2/
A good way to spot anachronistic lineages is to look for sequences that have been deleted in contemporary lineages. The virus can only undo a deletion through recombination. If we find seqs that lack the deletions, they have to be old (or contaminated with something old).
3/