We debated how to best display this. There are over 100 rhinovirus serotypes, and we wanted to display their prevalence over space and time. Too many dimensions.
This was our first stab at it.
4/
First, we only listed the serotypes that have appeared in at least 4 consecutive samples.
They are ordered based on when they first appeared in 4 consecutive samples.
Time goes left to right, starting in 2024. Larger circles mean more of that serotype detected. 5/
In the legend you can toggle the different sewersheds we are reporting (hopefully adding more soon).
6/
The rhinoviruses have been most prevalent in late Spring, and most of the prevalent serotypes in Columbia last year are not prevalent this year. 7/
And if you look at the other locations, most of the serotypes prevalent in Columbia this year were prevalent everywhere. 8/
This is fascinating. Although the rhinoviruses were usually surging in Spring, there was an outbreak of C42 in Fall of last year and it occurred in every one of the sewersheds coast-to-coast.
Who knew? 9/
That's it for now. We continue to recruit more sewersheds in partnership with @SecureBio.
More updates to come.
10/10
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A new cryptic lineage popped up in St Louis a few weeks ago.
I’ve been sampling this sewershed (500k people) twice a week for years and the first time I see this cryptic lineage it is 5 years old and makes up 50% of the sample. 1/
I believe the cryptic is a B.1.1 (circulated until early 2021), but it’s possibly even a B.1.
Clearly pre-Omicron though. 2/
The genome is ridiculously predictable.
At least part of the sequences had s2m intact with the 29758G fix.
We found a new (I think) cryptic lineage this week.
I know I say this all the time, but this is really weird.
Warning, this thread is for nerds only.
1/
Here’s what we do. Every week we download all of the new sequences from SRA and run a bunch of screens to look for anachronistic or cryptic lineages.
This new one popped up in 3 different screens.
2/
A good way to spot anachronistic lineages is to look for sequences that have been deleted in contemporary lineages. The virus can only undo a deletion through recombination. If we find seqs that lack the deletions, they have to be old (or contaminated with something old).
3/
Here’s a forecast from a wastewater perspective (because sh*t don’t lie)
1/
Background. The 4 main kinds of influenza circulating among humans (in order of severity) are:
FluA H3N2
FluA H1N1
FluB
FluC (many don’t know this one)
2/
Last season, there was a pretty even split between H1N1 and H3N2, with a little bit of FluB late in the season. At least according to CDC patient data. 3/
This preprint just came out. @wchnicholas and team reconstructed and tested the NJ Spike and found that it has the tightest ACE2 binding of any SC2 Spike ever measured. 2/ medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
We first found the NJ variant in 2023 because this sewershed from NJ with 1.5 million people because it regularly had a sequence that was a reversion to the bat sarbeco sequence, which is common in cryptics. 3/
We are not the first group to do unbiased sequencing of wastewater to monitor circulating viruses, but I think we are the first to ever do it at this scale.
Weekly wastewater samples for 18 months, totaling over 85 Billion sequence reads.
2/
Among the ‘known’ viruses, there was a fairly even split between bacteria viruses (phages) and eukaryotic viruses.
This was just raw reads though, if you look at diversity there was considerably more species of phages. 3/