We debated how to best display this. There are over 100 rhinovirus serotypes, and we wanted to display their prevalence over space and time. Too many dimensions.
This was our first stab at it.
4/
First, we only listed the serotypes that have appeared in at least 4 consecutive samples.
They are ordered based on when they first appeared in 4 consecutive samples.
Time goes left to right, starting in 2024. Larger circles mean more of that serotype detected. 5/
In the legend you can toggle the different sewersheds we are reporting (hopefully adding more soon).
6/
The rhinoviruses have been most prevalent in late Spring, and most of the prevalent serotypes in Columbia last year are not prevalent this year. 7/
And if you look at the other locations, most of the serotypes prevalent in Columbia this year were prevalent everywhere. 8/
This is fascinating. Although the rhinoviruses were usually surging in Spring, there was an outbreak of C42 in Fall of last year and it occurred in every one of the sewersheds coast-to-coast.
Who knew? 9/
That's it for now. We continue to recruit more sewersheds in partnership with @SecureBio.
More updates to come.
10/10
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This is cool. I was poking around at the Rhinovirus (common cold) data and realized that my perception about these viruses was completely wrong. 1/
Rhinoviruses (Rhino is Greek for nose) are picornaviruses in the enterovirus genus (same as polio). Enteros can be GI or respiratory (or both), but Rhinos are usually respiratory, and are the main cause of the common cold.
The first big improvement is that the output is more precise, and interactive. For each data point we tell you the date, the reads mapped, the total reads in each sample, and the reads/billion for each pathogen.
The heat map color is dictated by reads/billion.
2/
As before, we have a dropdown menu (now divided into categories) where you can do a city-to-city comparison of the different pathogens.
There haven’t been a ton of changes to the manuscript since I wrote a post on the preprint, so I’ll make this summary brief and focus on the things that changed. 2/
Cryptic lineages are anachronistic, evolutionarily advanced SARS-CoV-2 lineages detected from wastewater. We are pretty certain they are all from persistent infections.
We developed techniques for finding these lineages and partially reconstruction their genomes. 3/
For the last 18 months we have been getting weekly composite wastewater samples, isolating the viral fractions (the virome) and randomly sequencing everything.
The project started with Columbia, MO in late 2023, but we’ve expanded to include Chicago, Boston, Boise, and Riverside. We are doing other sites too (and expanding), but these are the first we are reporting. 3/
We are recruiting sewersheds for an expanding project. Basically, we want to learn everything that can be learned from wastewater.
Read on if you are interested. 1/
This is a collaboration with SecureBio that started about 18 months.
Basically, we isolate the viral fraction from wastewater and sequence the crap out of it (~1 billion reads/sample). This is unbiased sequencing; we don’t want to miss anything. 2/ securebio.org
There are three main levels to the analysis of the wastewater virome.
The first is SecureBio’s main focus, which is novel pathogen detection with a particular focus on engineered pathogens. 3/ naobservatory.org/blog/detecting…
This battle between Harvard and the administration is so befuddling. The latest plot twist makes less sense than the last season of Lost.
Let me give a very quick summary for those not following along.
1/11
The last few weeks Harvard had been talking with the administration about concerns over antisemitism on campuses, but the talks lacked details, and Harvard was told that they would get a letter last Friday with more specifics.
2/
Then last Friday Harvard got an email from the acting general counsel of HHS with a scorched earth list of demands that would have effectively ended Harvard’s autonomy in hiring, admissions and curriculum.