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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jul 14

A new study finds that fragments of viral proteins, including SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides, can bind and either inhibit or activate human formyl peptide receptors (FPR1, FPR2, FPR3) which influences innate immune responses like neutrophil migration and NETosis. 1/

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are pattern recognition receptors well-known for bacterial pathogen sensing. Researchers identified activator and inhibitor motifs for FPRs that are present on surface proteins of various viral pathogens. Peptides containing these motifs interact with all FPR family members and modulate various important immune functions in innate immune cells. 2/

Viral breakdown products comprising these motifs were found in COVID-19 patients. In the spike protein many activators are found in highly mutagenic regions, whereas the inhibitor motif is located in a conserved domain that also exists in further unrelated viruses. 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jul 13

Researchers used 3 RNA-seq datasets of 142 samples from Australia, the US and Russia to look at gene expression signatures in acute COVID infection and in #LongCOVID. They found that TNF-α/NF-κB pathway signatures could identify patients at risk of severe disease progression from acute COVID infection 1/

They also noted that OXPHOS and Myc pathway-associated signatures reflecting metabolic changes may be used as a biomarker for #LongCOVID diagnosis and severity stratification. 2/

Acute severe COVID-19 benefits from anti-inflammatory interventions targeting the dominant TNF-α/NF-κB pathway, consistent with the proven efficacy of corticosteroids and immunomodulators. 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jul 9

Fibrinoloid (amyloid-containing) microclots are resistant to degradation and are found in a variety of diseases including #LongCOVID, ME/CFS, and sepsis. A NEW review looks at the use of laser speckle imaging (LSI) and laser Doppler imaging (LDI) to assess how fibrinaloid microclots can disrupt the microcirculation. 1/

The microcirculation typically refers to those capillaries less than 100 mm in diameter. Having shown that blood can clot into an anomalous amyloid form that is rather resistant to fibrinolysis, researchers have previously developed the idea that endothelial dysfunction can both lead to and be caused by the fibrinaloid microclots so formed, such that this can slow or block entirely parts of the microcirculation. 2/

The microclots might be thought of as a ‘structural’ manifestation. This impairment of the microcirculation is referred to as ‘blood stasis’. It is thus desirable to have ‘functional’ methods that can measure these effects on the microcirculation directly. 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jul 8

A NEW study finds that infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic was associated with three to five times higher odds of cognitive impairment 2 years after infection. 1/

Survivors of the disease may require special attention from clinical doctors to diagnose and treat cognitive impairment, namely, those who were hospitalized for more than 15 days, in intermediate or intensive care units, and presented disorientation, changes in vision, gait or balance, during infection. 2/

Conversely, although cognitive impairment was less frequent and severe in COVID-19 cases who had been followed in the community during infection, this population is younger. Causality between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cognitive impairment could not be inferred from the present study. 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jul 4

A NEW study finds that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies play a protective role against vital organ-related #LongCovid (LC) symptoms, especially cardiovascular symptoms, but are insufficient in preventing or limiting other highly prevalent LC symptoms, such as neurological, psychiatric and pulmonary. 1/

These data underscore the complexity of the potential involvement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in either protecting against or contributing to the development of different #LongCovid phenotypes. 2/

The disturbed immunological profile supports the idea of some sort of silent longCOVID, that may eventually manifest as critical clinical events, such as acute myocardial infarction or cerebral vascular accidents. 3/

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Vipin M. Vashishtha

@vipintukur

Jun 26

A meta-analysis from Egypt of 125 studies involving over 4 million COVID survivors shows that months to years after infection, fatigue was the most common symptom at 43%. Around 27% of people experience cognitive impairment after COVID infection. 1/

Further, 28% experienced memory issues, 24% sleep disorders, 20% headaches, 16% dizziness, 14% depression, and 13% anxiety, with significant variability depending on follow‑up time, disease severity, sex, and BMI. 2/

Neurological symptoms are common & persistent in COVID survivors. This study highlights significant burden these symptoms place on individuals, emphasizing the need for well-resourced multidisciplinary healthcare services to support post-COVID recovery. 3/3

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