☆ Higher global efficiency ➜ greater communication between all brain regions
☆ Higher local efficiency ➜ greater communication between nearby brain regions
These metrics decline in aging + depression. (5/7)
Infrared light also improved functional connectivity in the brain.
This represents how synchronized remote brain regions are metabolically.
This was especially apparent in the frontoparietal network (FPN) - involved in:
➞ Attention
➞ Complex problem-solving
➞ Working memory
(6/7)
How does near infrared light therapy work?
The body contains molecules designed to absorb light.
Some major ones:
➤ Cytochrome c oxidase - an energy-producing enzyme inside mitochondria
➤ Water
➤ TRPV channels
When light hits cytochrome c oxidase, it boosts the efficiency of mitochondrial energy production.
Virtually every cognitive or mental disorder involves impaired mitochondrial function.
Energy production powers:
◇ Brain cell growth, survival, and regeneration
◇ Neurotransmitter synthesis
◇ Immune and inflammatory regulation in the brain
◇ Defense against oxidative stress
◇ Stem cell activity and health
◇ Intracellular signaling
◇ Gene expression
Basically: everything.
And water? When it absorbs certain wavelengths of light, it transforms - becoming a more structured, crystalline form.
This “structured water” is vital for healthy cell function. Without it, nothing works quite right.
It’s the biological difference between a glass of water and a gummy bear.
Finally, TRPV channels can allow calcium into cells or into mitochondria, which activates certain transcription cascades that regulate various genes in brain cells.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was shown to reverse brain damage from aluminum in a critical study.
(🧵1/8)
Animals were put into 6 groups - either getting aluminum or NAC or both.
The aluminum was administered as aluminum chloride, and it was done so orally.
This is important because roughly only 0.5% of oral aluminum chloride is absorbed, so the real effective doses the animals received were far less than than the 100 mg / kg.
This is still a high dose, but aluminum is known to accumulate in tissues.
Animals had severely impaired memory performance with the aluminum, but this was improved with NAC.
The morris water test trains rats to find a hidden platform in pool.
The latencies (times) is how long it takes to find it on a given day.
Less time = better memory.
As you can see, the high dose NAC almost completely reversed the memory impairment from aluminum.