People in the study had verified fatty liver disease, along with being diabetic or having the metabolic syndrome.
Everyone entered the study being weight stable, so the changes were unlikely to be due to anything but the oranges.
(3/7)
People were instructed to eat 400g (roughly 2-3 oranges) per day.
People in the control group also ate 400g of fruit - just anything that wasn't oranges.
This way we can be sure that this is an orange specific property.
(4/7)
Eating oranges reduces liver fat.
People eating oranges lost 20 dB of liver fat.
This is equivalent to around a 20% reduction in liver fat - a huge difference.
People eating all other fruits lost around 3.
(5/7)
Oranges also reduced total fatty liver disease prevalence by ~30%.
People eating other types of fruit had no decrease in fatty liver disease prevalence.
(6/7)
How is this possible?
Oranges + orange juice have been studied specifically over other fruits for their high phenolic content, including compounds like naringenin and hesperidin.
These phytochemcials have direct antioxidant + anti-inflammatory properties, which are protective when it comes to liver fat accumulation.
They also seem to act on key proteins that control our metabolisms:
ā PPAR-α ā turns on fat burning genes (increasing expression of enzymes involved in fat metabolism, limiting those that synthesize fat)
ā Liver X receptor (LXR-α) ā increases fat synthesis (thought to be inhibited by orange chemicals)
ā Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) pathway ā lowers nitric oxide availability
ā SIRT1 ā controls genes involved in carb + fat metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis
ā PGC1α ā master promoter of mitochondrial biogenesis (making more mitochondria)
People eating the oranges also had increased:
ā Vitamin C
ā Vitamin B1
ā Vitamin B2
All having key antioxidant roles, and the latter two being directly involved in energy metabolism.
All of this together makes oranges / OJ excellent tools for preventing liver fat accumulation.
(7/7)
This study adds to the multiple other studies (in humans and in animals) showing that oranges + orange juice are incredible foods for reducing inflammation / gut dysbiosis and oxidative stress. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39339791/
For more on how fatty liver disease develops and how these mechanisms relate to it, check out this thread.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was shown to reverse brain damage from aluminum in a critical study.
(š§µ1/8)
Animals were put into 6 groups - either getting aluminum or NAC or both.
The aluminum was administered as aluminum chloride, and it was done so orally.
This is important because roughly only 0.5% of oral aluminum chloride is absorbed, so the real effective doses the animals received were far less than than the 100 mg / kg.
This is still a high dose, but aluminum is known to accumulate in tissues.
Animals had severely impaired memory performance with the aluminum, but this was improved with NAC.
The morris water test trains rats to find a hidden platform in pool.
The latencies (times) is how long it takes to find it on a given day.
Less time = better memory.
As you can see, the high dose NAC almost completely reversed the memory impairment from aluminum.