Daniel Baeza Profile picture
Aug 13 8 tweets 3 min read Read on X
The human struggles to grasp two concepts that are essential for understanding the current financial system:

1. We think in nominal terms (ignoring inflation)
2. We think linearly (ignoring exponential change)

A 🧵on why these 2 mental frameworks matter. Image
1. Nominal Thinking = focusing on face-value numbers

Example:
If GDP goes from $20T to $22T, most people think “growth.”

Even if inflation ate away all that gain.

We like nominal growth — it feels like progress and keeps businesses alive.
Why does the human mind like nominal?
Because nominal GDP growth (even if it’s just inflation) means:

a) Businesses have higher sales in dollars
b) Workers get higher wages (on paper)
c) Debt feels easier to repay

It’s an illusion of prosperity and it keeps the system running.
And WHAT is the best catalyst for nominal growth?
Government spending

When government spends money, that spending directly adds to nominal GDP.

When government prints money to fund spending, it injects more currency into the system. Currency debasement pushes up nominal prices. Image
2. Linear Thinking
Assuming tomorrow will be like today, but real world moves exponentially, especially tech

Tech innovation 2x in capability over shorter & shorter cycles. Growth is invisible at first, then suddenly massive

Better tech = ⬇️prices
No bueno for governments/CBs
And here comes the exponential thinking our minds struggle to grasp:

Fold a piece of paper 50 times
How thick will it be?
- Most guess a few centimeters/inches or maybe the height of a building

= In reality, it would reach the Sun (150 million kilometers / 93 million miles) Image
As tech accelerates exponentially, deflationary pressure grows in a system that is built on inflation.

To offset it, governments need bigger spending injections.

This creates a long-term pattern:

Exponential tech growth → stronger deflation → larger deficits → rising debt
And here is where both mental concepts meet:

Our minds default to NOMINAL thinking, so we cheer bigger numbers.

But EXPONENTIAL tech makes things cheaper, threatening those numbers.

To keep the illusion alive, governments print — turning abundance into inflation. Image

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More from @dbaeza13

Jul 22
Many talk about using BTC or crypto as collateral to "not sell" and tap liquidity.

It sounds great, but few mention the real risk:
forced liquidation

Before using leverage, it’s necessary to understand:
- LTV
- Haircut
- Margin call
- Threshold

A 🧵on the use of leverage Image
First, let’s define LTV

Loan-to-Value (LTV) = Loan Amount ÷ Collateral Value

It determines how much you can borrow and is mostly used in loan transactions

Example:
You deposit $100K in BTC and borrow $50K
→ LTV = 50%

The higher the LTV, the closer you are to liquidation
Now, haircuts

A HC is a REPO term, it's the % discount a lender applies to your collateral

If BTC is $100K and the platform uses a 20% HC, they only count it as $80K of usable collateral.

HCs protect lenders from collateral (il)liquidity

Repo explainer
Read 9 tweets
Apr 11
Everyone talks about the swap spread, few explain it.
A 🧵on how it works and what is says about (il)liquidity

Swap spread = Interest rate swap rate minus (same tenor) US Treasury bond yield

Normally swap spreads should be positive but something's changed. Image
Swap spreads should be + because:
a) Treasuries are risk-free
b) Swaps have counterparty credit risk (banks offer these swaps, so bank's credit risk)
c) Treasuries are more liquid

Example:
10yr swap rate: 4.12%
10yr UST yield: 4.18%
Swap spread = 4.12% – 4.18% = -0.06%
Wtf is a swap?
Interest rate swap (IRS) is a contract between 2 parties to exchange cash flows based on different interest rates

- Party A pays a fixed interest rate
- Party B pays floating interest rate

Notional principal is not exchanged, only difference in interest payments
Read 7 tweets
Jan 9
Pocos entienden este concepto:

"No hay burbuja en los precios de los activos, la burbuja está en la liquidez"

Esto se refiere a cómo liquidez impresa afecta el valor de activos financieros y de monedas.

🧵sobre efecto de la degradación de la moneda sobre el precio de activos. Image
Analicemos primero la fórmula:

Numerador: representa el valor nominal de activos financieros. Es el precio total en la moneda correspondiente (por ej. $100/acción)

Denominador: representa la moneda o unidad de medida en la que se valora el activo, típicamente expresado en US$ Image
1. Efecto del Denominador: valor de los activos a menudo se expresa en relación con la moneda en la que están denominados (ej USD).

Cuando la liquidez aumenta debido a estímulos monetarios/fiscales, se degrada la moneda, lo que significa que su poder adquisitivo disminuye.
Read 7 tweets
Dec 24, 2024
Te tengo malas noticias

Única manera de crear riqueza es mediante activos financieros

pero

- Tu salario no te alcanzará para comprar activos

porque

- Tu salario crece de acuerdo al crecimiento PIB (bajo), y

- Precio activos crece de acuerdo al crecimiento de liquidez (alto) Image
Si alguna vez has sentido que no llegás a ahorrar y que tu salario no llega a fin de mes, es porque el sistema está en tu contra.

A diferencia de nuestros padres/abuelos, hoy no se genera riqueza con el salario del trabajo.

Este fenómeno lo explico aquí
Y haciendo el mismo ejercicio, el Value Investing ha muerto💀

porque...

- las ganancias de empresas (azul) crecen de acuerdo al crecimiento del PIB (bajo),

pero...

- el precio de las acciones de esas mismas empresas (blanco) crecen de acuerdo al crecimiento de liquidez (alto) Image
Read 4 tweets
Oct 29, 2024
When commercial banks buy T-bills, they don’t create money in the same way as they do when issuing loans to private borrowers, but there are similarities in the underlying mechanics.

A 🧵 on how commercial banks’ purchase of T-bills contributes to debt monetization. Image
1. Loans:
When a bank makes a loan, it credits the borrower’s deposit account with the loan amount, effectively creating a deposit (new money) out of nothing.

This is direct money creation because it increases the total money supply in the economy.

2. Buying T-bills
When Treasury spends, these $ end up as a bank liability (deposit) and asset (bank reserves)

Bank buys bills using new bank reserves (blue). Bank is funding the deposit (green) with bill purchase (red). Instead of FED buying bills, banks buy using Fed reserves. Image
Read 8 tweets
Aug 2, 2024
Passive Investing is a ticking time bomb

Current trend of passive investment inflows is unsustainable. Mechanical bid from passive managers (ETFs) inflate stock prices artificially and reversal could cause a significant market downturn.

🧵on passive investing
Thanks @profplum99 Image
Idea behind passive investing is that it doesn't move the market much, market is more sensible to how active investors are trading. However, passive investing has become so large that it's no longer passive.

Passive funds closed 2023 with more assets than active funds. Image
Large-and-in-charge is here to stay

$1 invested by active manager has $2 impact on mkt cap. Active = price sensitive (can opt to hold cash & not buy at ⬆ spot price)

$1 invested by passive manager has $17 impact on mkt cap. Passive = price insensitive (MUST buy at spot price) Image
Read 5 tweets

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