Everyone talks about the swap spread, few explain it.
A 🧵on how it works and what is says about (il)liquidity
Swap spread = Interest rate swap rate minus (same tenor) US Treasury bond yield
Normally swap spreads should be positive but something's changed.
Swap spreads should be + because:
a) Treasuries are risk-free
b) Swaps have counterparty credit risk (banks offer these swaps, so bank's credit risk)
c) Treasuries are more liquid
When commercial banks buy T-bills, they don’t create money in the same way as they do when issuing loans to private borrowers, but there are similarities in the underlying mechanics.
A 🧵 on how commercial banks’ purchase of T-bills contributes to debt monetization.
1. Loans:
When a bank makes a loan, it credits the borrower’s deposit account with the loan amount, effectively creating a deposit (new money) out of nothing.
This is direct money creation because it increases the total money supply in the economy.
2. Buying T-bills
When Treasury spends, these $ end up as a bank liability (deposit) and asset (bank reserves)
Bank buys bills using new bank reserves (blue). Bank is funding the deposit (green) with bill purchase (red). Instead of FED buying bills, banks buy using Fed reserves.
Current trend of passive investment inflows is unsustainable. Mechanical bid from passive managers (ETFs) inflate stock prices artificially and reversal could cause a significant market downturn.
🧵on passive investing
Thanks @profplum99
Idea behind passive investing is that it doesn't move the market much, market is more sensible to how active investors are trading. However, passive investing has become so large that it's no longer passive.
Passive funds closed 2023 with more assets than active funds.
Large-and-in-charge is here to stay
$1 invested by active manager has $2 impact on mkt cap. Active = price sensitive (can opt to hold cash & not buy at ⬆ spot price)
$1 invested by passive manager has $17 impact on mkt cap. Passive = price insensitive (MUST buy at spot price)