1/ After a solid first half of the year, July saw a sharp slowdown driven by contracting domestic demand.
Our Q3 GDP nowcast points to a contraction of more than 2% q/q annualised, the weakest quarterly pace since early 2022
2/ Industrial production also slowed. While still ~4% above its pre-pandemic trend and up a decent 5.8% y/y, the 6-month annualised pace dropped to just 3.8%, down from more than 5% in June
3/ Consumption spending (incl. services) had been recovering through June, standing only 1% below its pre-pandemic trend. In July, a decline in retail sales, not the most dynamic part of consumption, pulled 6-month annualised growth down to just 0.8%.
4/ The biggest July surprise came from fixed asset investment: all three major components contracted, including manufacturing investment, which had run well above pre-Covid norms for over two years
5/ As a result, real investment is down 1.9% y/y and over 14% at a 6-month annualised pace.
Manufacturing remains positive y/y (+3.9%) but is falling ~6% on a 6-month basis; infrastructure has plunged (-16% 6m ann.).
Part of the pullback reflects the campaign against “disorderly” or “involutionary” competition, aimed at curbing overcapacity and deflation
6/ Real-estate investment also weighed heavily, contracting 16% y/y, with demand for residential space falling to new lows since 2009.
7/ Residential supply remains flat at its lowest level in over 20 years, keeping unsold inventories at 22 months of demand, only slightly lower than before, but far from a normal ~13-month level
8/ These inventories keep downward pressure on prices (-0.2% m/m), with fewer than 20% of cities recording gains.
The only silver lining: the sector is no longer falling further, our activity index is flat y/y, meaning real estate no longer drags significantly on overall growth
9/ External demand remains a bright spot in value terms: exports rose >7% y/y in July, while imports returned to positive territory (+2% y/y)
10/ In volume terms (June data), exports to the US have dropped ~44% since March, pulling total Chinese exports down 6% over the same period. This decline is entirely due to the US (13% of China’s exports); shipments to the rest of the world remain flat, yet at high levels
11/ On prices, CPI edged back to 0% y/y, while PPI fell 3.6% y/y. Together, they signal another deterioration in the GDP deflator in July
12/ Credit conditions also softened, with the first monthly contraction in new RMB loans in 20 years.
Thanks to strong government bond issuance, the credit impulse remained broadly unchanged and still positive.
After deferring broad policy stimulus following six resilient months, the authorities may now have little choice but to bring it forward
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1/ Some key points on the state of the US consumer
. Retail sales volume has remained nearly unchanged since Q1 2021 and is moving back towards pre-pandemic trends, correcting the excess consumption of goods during the COVID-19 period.
. The decline in retail sales in May has brought their 6-month growth into negative territory (-1.7% ann.)
2/ While total consumer spending, including services, remained strong in April with growth above pre-pandemic averages, the decline in retail sales in May is the first concrete evidence confirming the collapse in consumer sentiment. This sentiment was more than one standard deviation below the average in April and remained very low in May at -0.6
3/ Besides sentiment, other key drivers of consumption are either currently weak or could become so:
. Real disposable income growth has been recovering in recent months, but largely due to temporary government transfers
. The proportion of households expecting higher inflation than wage growth is at historically high levels (>3 st. dev.), suggesting a 0.5% year-on-year contraction in real income
1/ Chinese economic activity in May showed mixed results. The data points to a Q2 GDP nowcast of 4% q/q ann., indicating a slowdown from Q1 (5.9%) but a slight improvement from April's nowcast (3.6%)
2/ The positive surprise came from retail sales in China, which significantly rebounded after a slight contraction in April. This brought the six-month annualized growth to 10%, exceeding pre-pandemic average
While consumption was previously driven by service spending, this uptick in goods sales suggests a potential catch-up, although they still remain 13% below pre-pandemic levels
3/ Investments have slightly declined for the second consecutive month, bringing the six-month annualized growth rate to 8.1%, close to the pre-pandemic average
1/ US inflation came out lower than expected, up a tenth y/y on the headline at 2.4% and unchanged on the core at 2.8%. However, the shorter-term trend is clearly downwards, particularly over 6 months.
A few comments, however, one technical, the others macro
2/ The number of imputations from other items has seen a dramatic increase since Trump took office: from 9% to 30% in May - nearly twice as much as the worst month of COVID - attributed by the BLS to labor shortage.
This implies that the prices of 2333 items (30% of 7776) are no longer being collected and are being replaced by the price of the nearest item. This does not necessarily indicate a systematic bias in not reporting the highest increasing prices, but it remains concerning during a time when tariff transmission is under scrutiny and undermines confidence in CPI data
3/ The breakdown of core inflation shows that services inflation is normalizing, approaching its long-term average of 3.1%, while goods inflation continues to rise gradually.
1/ Chinese activity data for April slowed, with most indicators contracting. Our Q2 GDP nowcast shows 3.6% q/q ann. growth, down from 5.9% in Q1. With an average of 4.8% over the first two quarters, the slowdown isn't significant enough to trigger the anticipated fiscal response, especially after recent monetary support.
2/ On the supply side, industrial production remains 5% above pre-pandemic trends, with slowing growth but still around 7% annualized over the past six months.
3/ On the demand side, consumption is driven by services (quarterly data), while retail sales fell in April, reducing six-month growth to 5% and maintaining a gap of over 10% from the pre-pandemic trend
1/ Chinese activity in March exceeded expectations, providing strong momentum for the trade war with the US and reducing the urgency for fiscal support
GDP has returned above its pre-pandemic trend with two consecutive quarters of growth above potential: nearly 8% in Q4 2024 and 6% in Q1 2025
2/ On the supply side, industrial production has continued to drive activity, running 5% above its pre-pandemic trend and showing an annualized 6-month growth of 8.5%, which is 2 percentage points above its pre-2020 average
3/ External demand remained a strong support, with export volumes up over 11% y/y in Q1. However, US demand, which could have surged in anticipation of higher tariffs on Chinese goods, remained restrained
1/ After 2 months of better activity data in September and October, the gradual recovery continues into November. The main private demand indicators combined with PMI surveys show a recovery in our nowcast GDP growth in Q4 to 8.1% from 2% in Q3
2/ Industrial production remains solid, growing at an above-average rate of close to 9% over 3-month annualised, above its pre-pandemic trend
3/ For the 3rd month in a row, retail sales volumes rebounded from the disappointing summer months, bringing 3-month growth to over 14% annualized, but keeping the annual variation at less spectacular levels of around 3%