A speculative thread on sankarshakanda of mimamsa shastra: I have no intention to repeat the information that can be found on the net including Indologists' blogs. This site has links to soft copies of papers and books that can bring you up to speed. peterffreund.com/sankarsha/sank…
Quick context: The following facts should not be controversial. 1. There exists a genuine text called sankarshakanda with commentaries of devaswamin and bhaskaraya. 2. It's Jaimini's work of 4 chapters and supplement to the 12 chapter mimamsa sutra text by Jaimini.
3. It is conflated with other texts, especially by texts later than 10th century. Those texts go by sankarshana kanda or sankarshana sutra, devata kanda/daivi mimamsa and upasana kanda. Now the testimonies of these texts are garbled. Scholars just point out that
"The description given in these texts do not match the actual sankarshakanda". "We must wait for those texts to surface to form a proper judgement".
Given this is X and we're not publishing a paper, we should be allowed to speculate and arrive at a most probable theory of
"Why there's so much confusion around sankarshakanda text"? 1. Are sankarshana, devatakanda and upasana kanda the same text? (None of these real sankarshakanda that's currently published). 2. Who is/are the author(s)? Jaimini, Vyasa, Sankarshanacharya, or Narada?
3. How did the confusion evolve? To arrive at a coherent picture, we'll use memetics and carefully look at the testimony of Prapanchahrdaya/PH, Sarvasiddhanta sangraha/SSS and sarvamata sangraha/SMS. PH is older than SSS, which is older than SMS (can be independently shown).
PH is attributed to Sankara (unlikely) as well as SSS which is impossible, though Diwan Bahadur Rangacharya, SSS translator very much wants it to be Shankara's work. These don't really matter for our purpose, but helps to anchor the texts on a timeline.
Let's identify our memetic units. 1. Mimamsa shastra is a 20 chapter text. 2. The split is 12 chapters tantrakanda, 4 chapters sankarshakanda (SK) and 4 chapters brahmakanda. 3. Jaimini is the author of SK 4. Vyasa is the author of SK 5. SK is devatakanda
6. SK is vyasa's description of mantras taught by sankarshana. 7. Narada is the author of devata/upasanakanda which is SK 8. Kashakrtsna is the author of devata/upasanakanda which is SK.
Just like an evolution of a single-celled to a complex creature, we trace the most simple meme "Mimamsa is a chapter of 20 chapters" and see how it got complicated. Must be careful on testimony from a late text about a claim it makes about author who lived millennia ago.
To be continued...
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Sankarsha kanda Part 2/N, continuing from
The first textual evidence of mimamsa of 20 chapters comes from an inscription from 999 AD, Anur in Chengalpat district during the reign of of Raja Raja I, where a v1 is mentioned to have studied mimamsa of 20
chapters. See Footnote 4 of Lariviere's chapter. We can posit that this is the earliest available attestation of the meme "Mimama shastra consists of 20 chapters". Even shakara, while accepting that purvamimamsa + vedanta forms the "krtsna shastra" - i.e. the full shastra, he
Doesn't accept that both form one unified shastra or confirm that the total chapters of the "krtsna shastra" is 20. Hence, the reasonable inference is that attention to vedanta darshana spiked after shankara and by 999 AD, we have a confirmed meme "mimamsa shastra of 20 chapters"
A note on sAvitrI reference in Atharvaveda's Kaushika grihya sutra.
Atharva vedic samhitas do not contain the famous vishvAmitra's sAvitrI mantra in the gAyatrI meter. Still, we can infer that it is held in high regard in AV tradition.
Gopatha brahmana devotes a chapter on this mantra as a discussion between maudgalya and glAva maitreya. Note the question and answer -
kim svikAhurbhoH saviturvareNyaM bhargo devasya kavayH kimAhuH | dhiyo vichakshva yadi tAH pravettha pracodayantsavitA yAbhireti ||
The chapter then proceeds to explain the 24-syllabled gayatri mantra as pairs of "savitA-sAvtirI" in typical brAhmaNa fashion. Mind is savitA, Speech is sAvitrI and they form a pair. So does agni and earth; vAyu and mid-region; Aditya and the heavens; and so on.
A speculation on AV pAThabheda of the puruSha sukta Rik:
Purusha sukta is found in all the 4 vedas - RV 10.90, Taittiriya Aranyaka 3.12, Vajasaneyi 31.1, SV 6.4 and AV 19.6. It's also quoted in the kAThaka brahmana fragments. Despite the deviations in words, the number of mantras
All except AV, have "sahasrashIrShA puruShaH". AV alone, (both vulgate and paippalada) has "sahasrabAhuH puruShaH". IMO, this is not accidental. Granting that the compilation and consolidation of AV corpus still needs close study, there definitely was a phase where AV was
Systematizing as "kshatra veda" - refer Kaushika for the copious rAjakarmANi (royal sacrifices). IMO it is in this phase, the variant of "thousand armed" in AV crept in from "thousand headed" puruSha. After all "bAhU rAjanyaH kR^itaH" - arms of puruSha are associated with royalty
A note on "missing syllables" in Rik verses:
One often encounters instances of "missing syllables" in Rigvedic mantras. A gāyatrī pāda should have 8 syllables but you'll only see 7. A kakubh meter is supposed to have 3 pādas with 8-8-12 syllables and you'd find 11 in the 3rd line
There's an endeavor to metrically restore the Rigveda in Indological circles. Some strategies used are dissolution of sandhi, making words like indra, sūrya etc. as trisyllabic.
On the other hand it's useful for an insider to be aware of what happened within the tradition. I this context, one should look at panchavimsha brāhmaņa of sāmaveda - 1.3.17 to 1.3.23.
A short note on shrauta fire reference in Atharvaveda's Kaushika sutra:
Kaushika sutra of AV, also called Samhitavidhi is not merely a grihyasutra. It deals with application of AV materials- rites for pacification, growth, royalty, women, medicine and black magic.
In paribhasha sutras section, Kaushika displays awareness of materia ritualis of shrauta rites. But in a rite call "samudra karman" he literally names gArhapatya.
The 3 agnis if sattra are used. The paristarana is done with the grass of darbha, sarcostemma (soma substitute) and hemp are used. The sukta "mamAgne varcho" from AV vulgate is used. Havis is cooked in garhapatya (Commentator says this is rice cooked with the milk of a cow
Viṣņu as a wielder of Chakra is pretty well known to modern H and well attested in puranic stories. However in the vedic texts, this aspect is generally wanting. So, what is the earliest reference to "Vishnu with the wheel"? Tentatively, I posit Samaveda's Shadvimshabrahmana.
For interesting omens and portents- statues of Gods weeping, laughing, dancing, blinking; rivers flowing in opposite direction; coals fall from horse's tail; kabandha appears in the sun;
To pacify these, a sthālīpāka with idam viShNur vichakrame is offered followed by ghee oblations with vishNave svAhA; sarvabhUtAdhipataye svAhA; chakrapANaye svAhA; IshvarAya svAhA; sarva pApa shamanAya svAhA; are offered. SAman on the same verse is sung 108 times.