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Sep 3 β€’ 10 tweets β€’ 4 min read β€’ Read on X
Cancer starts in the mitochondria, & fixing them might treat it - a groundbreaking study shows it more clearly than ever.

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The metabolic origins of cancer have been known for about a century.

Nobel prize winner Otto Warburg noted that cancer cells had inefficient metabolism - they turned glucose into lactic acid preferentially, instead of into CO2.

Why this helps cancer grow has been revealed more recently.

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When mitochondria are not working properly, it is a breeding ground for cancer.

β—ˆ More reactive oxygen species produced
β—ˆ Greater acidification
β—ˆ More oncometabolites
β—ˆ Aberrant epigenetic signaling
β—ˆ Worsened immune function
β—ˆ Impaired cell death
β—ˆ Improper cycle regulation

+ more.

This recent study showed that restoring mitochondrial health is a viable treatment for cancer.

They did this by transplanting mitochondria from healthy cells into cancer cells.

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When lung cancer cells received the healthy mitochondria, they became more sensitized to chemotherapy.

A higher concentration of healthy mitochondria cut the amount of chemo (cisplatin) needed to kill the cancer cells by around half.

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Healthy mitochondria also shrank tumor growth in animals.

Greatly enhanced the effectiveness of the chemo.

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Reversing the mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells also reversed the other hallmarks of cancer.

For instance, healthy mitochondria reduced HIF1Ξ±, a key mediator of cancer invasion.

It also reduced the "stemness" or the ability of cancer cells to turn into cancer stem cells.

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With healthy mitochondria, cancer cells are able to kill themselves properly.

They could produce more ROS and were able to induce programmed cell death (TUNEL), processes that are impaired in cancer and lead to the cells' accumulation.

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Another key component to solving cancer is proper immune functioning, since it is the immune system that actually clears out tumors.

While chemo (cisplatin) worsened anti-tumor immunity, the healthy mitochondria increased:

β—‰ CD4+ area - a marker of T helper cells
β—‰ CD8+ area - for cytotoxic T cells
β—‰ NKp46 - a marker for natural killer cells

all critical factors in immune cell clearance of cancer cells.

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Cancer is a metabolic / mitochondrial disease in nature.

I've written here about all of the angles one would take to optimize mitochondrial function:

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More from @Outdoctrination

Sep 5
Want to live longer? Here are 7 tools shown to extend lifespan in research (🧡1/7):

#1 Glycine + NAC

The combination increases lifespan by ~25%.

As precursors to the master antioxidant glutathione, this combination:

βœ“ Reduces organ damage
βœ“ Preserves mitochondrial function

at 1.6 g / kg of food (human equivalent) for each.Image
#2 Aspirin (males only)

Aspirin has multiple actions that prevent the core processes of aging:

β—‡ Inflammation
β—‡ Oxidative stress

and has shown benefit in reducing cancer and heart disease in humans.

3.5 mg / kg of food (human equivalent).

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#3 Vitamin E

By 40% in males, 14% in females.

It preserved mitochondrial enzymes:

➜ NADH-cytochrome c reductase
➜ Succinate-cytochrome c reductase
➜ Cytochrome oxidase

while increasing the antioxidant SOD enzyme.

More energy, less damage.
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Read 8 tweets
Sep 5
Carbs are super fuel for testosterone - here is every reason why.

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#1 The leydig cells (in the testicles) rely heavily on glucose.

Steroids are actually made in the mitochondria.

When LH acts on the leydig cells to produce testosterone - the mitochondria need energy production from glucose (glycolysis) to synthesize testosterone.

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#2 The leydig cells store glucose (glycogen)

Glycogen acts as a reserve fuel for many tissues, including cells in the testicles that produce sperm and testosterone.

Both types of cells need glucose for survival and differentiation, which is why they store it.

(3/9) Image
Read 9 tweets
Sep 4
One nutrient can powerfully reduce Candida, even in small amounts.

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One recent study investigated the effects of just 300 IU of vitamin D (vs placebo) in children.

Candida is very common after broad spectrum antibiotics or during immunosuppression - and these kids were very susceptible.

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Vitamin D improved every metric of Candida invasion drastically.

Candida in blood: 64% lower
In urine: 56% lower
Need to be given an antifungal: 45% lower
PICU stay: 22% lower
Death: 8% lower (not significant)

(3/8) Image
Read 9 tweets
Sep 2
5 signs your health is deteriorating (that you've been ignoring):

(🧡1/5)

#1 Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

Underlying causes:

β—ˆ High glutamate
β—ˆ Low GABA (both in the nerves of the ear)
β—ˆ Nerve inflammation

Things that can help:

β—ˆ Taurine (GABAnergic)
β—ˆ Lidocaine (patch)
β—ˆ NAC (lowers glutamate, inflammation)Image
#2 Frequent hiccups

Hiccups are triggered by contractions of the diaphragm, which is controlled by the brain / nervous system.

Hiccups are "always" cured with carbon dioxide.

Exposing people to high levels of CO2 stops hiccups within 5-7 minutes.

High levels of CO2 signal the diaphragm to stop.

Can increase CO2 with diaphragmatic or bag breathing, but low CO2 is caused by low metabolism.

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#3 Dandruff

Caused by:

β—ˆ Fungal overgrowth
β—ˆ Chronic inflammation
β—ˆ Vitamin A/D/zinc deficiency

Things to consider:

β—ˆ Probiotics (and focus on the gut)
β—ˆ Niacinamide (topical)
β—ˆ Red light therapy

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Read 6 tweets
Sep 1
Creatine might raise IQ.

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The first study investigating this topic was in 2003.

They took vegetarians in their mid 20s and gave them 5g of (or placebo) for 6 weeks, then no creatine for 6 weeks, and then switched groups for another 6 weeks.

The break was done to see if any benefit went away without creatine.

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Subjects took two cognitive assessments.

Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) = nonverbal test of abstract reasoning & pattern spotting.

Wechsler Backward Digit Span (BDS) = working memory test (recall numbers in reverse).

Both tap core cognitive abilities that strongly predict IQ scores.

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Read 9 tweets
Aug 31
A new study has shown that grounding boosts metabolism & reduces free radical production in the mitochondria.

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This study was published in June.

Grounding has shown multiple benefits, including:

- Reduction of inflammation
- Normalization of cortisol
- Decreased fatigue
- Lower blood sugar

So the goal here was to get a deeper understanding of how.

(2/7)

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This was done by experimenting with isolated mitochondria.

They measured how much energy mitochondria could output and how much oxidative stress they would be under.

To ground, they literally stuck steel wiring into the tubes with the mitochondria, which connected to the ground via copper wiring.

A control group had the wiring but no connection to the ground.

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Read 7 tweets

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