Jason Furman Profile picture
Sep 5 7 tweets 2 min read Read on X
A market slowdown in the pace of job gains, with 22K added in August, bringing the three month average to 29K.

On a percentage basis have not seen job growth this slow outside of recessionary periods in more than sixty years. Image
The unemployment rate rose from 4.2% to 4.3% (unrounded was a smaller increase).

Wage growth was strong and average hours steady.
All of these are consistent with a marked slowdown in labor supply (due to immigration policy) combined with a continued slight softness in labor demand (as evidenced by the unemployment rate which has been steadily rising at about 0.03 percentage point per month for 2-1/2 years. Image
Here are the wage data which is another piece of evidence that the labor market is not markedly loosing but instead what is a "normal" labor market is much lower than the job growth we had been used to. Image
Also average weekly hours have been stable. Image
As an aside, a portion of what we're seeing is Federal job cuts. But the number is quite small compared to everything else. Image
In sum, we are seeing a big slowdown in labor supply and some weakness in labor demand. Not a whole lot the Fed can do when the biggest problem is not enough people. But it can and will cut rates, given inflation risks I would limit that to 25bp at the next meeting.

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More from @jasonfurman

Aug 29
The core PCE inflation rate increased for the fourth month in a row. Annual rates:

1 month: 3.3%
3 months: 3.0%
6 months: 3.0%
12 months: 2.9%

But two reasons to be less worried than headline: (1) transitory tariffs & (2) some of this is imputed from rising stock market. Image
Here are the full set of numbers I'll talk about.

Particularly notable is how much lower market core has been than overall core at every horizon. Note regular core includes imputed items, notably portfolio management fees where the price goes up when the stock market goes up. Image
Market core is both better predicted by slack and a better predictor of future inflation. It has moved sideways this year. But given that tariffs are (hopefully temporarily) pushing inflation up that suggests that underlying inflation is going down. Image
Read 8 tweets
Aug 12
Inflation numbers a little better than expected. But inflation numbers also showing signs of re-inflation, both tariff and possibly otherwise.

Core annual rate:

1 month: 3.9%
3 months: 2.8%
6 months: 2.4%
12 months: 3.1% Image
Here are all the numbers. All of them highly elevated except headline--which benefited from a 2.2% decline in gasoline prices (seasonally adjusted). Image
The overall dynamic is core services inflation has stayed high (and even rose in July) while core goods have gone from deflation to inflation. Image
Read 4 tweets
Aug 1
The jobs slowdown is here with 73K jobs in July & large downward revisions to May & June bringing the average to 35K/month.

Not quite as bad as you might think because steady-state job growth is much lower in a low net immigration world but unemployment still gradually rising. Image
A small portion of the weaker jobs numbers in recent months are Federal cuts. Image
But the bigger issues is the slowdown in private job creation. Image
Read 7 tweets
Jul 31
My latest @nytopinion attempts to answer the question, "The Tariffs Kicked In. The Sky Didn’t Fall. Were the Economists Wrong?"

Part of my argument is the economy actually has slowed & inflation has picked up, as you would expect.

Plus Trump called off some tariffs and lags. Image
But there are two broader lessons here:

1. U.S. economy is mostly domestic services. Trade matters but it doesn't matter as much as some of the hype might make you think. (And I confess, I do suffer from TDS, tariff derangement syndrome.) Image
2. Much of macro is small on a percentage basis. But small things really matter a lot.

0.5% off one year's growth rate and $1,000 per household per year forever are the same. But the former sounds small and the later makes it clear it is a large unforced error. Image
Read 5 tweets
Jul 31
A big pop in core PCE inflation in June. Annual rates:

1 month: 3.1%
3 months: 2.6%
6 months: 3.2%
12 months: 2.8%

No matter what horizon you're looking at this is too high. (Although there is a case that it is transitory due to tariffs.) Image
Here are the full set of numbers. Image
Services excluding housing is the one slice that is muted. But that is what we were counting on to get inflation back to 2%. The problem is goods inflation of this magnitude was not expected (prior to tariffs). Image
Read 8 tweets
Jul 30
Q2 GDP came in at a 3.0% annual rate.

There were massive timing shifts that shifted reported growth from Q1 to Q2. The much better way to look at the data is averaging the two which is a 1.2% annual rate. That is well below the pace in 2024 or the Nov 2024 forecast for 2025-H1. Image
Here are the GDP numbers. In Q1 inventories added 2.6pp but imports subtracted 4.6pp. In Q2 it was the reverse, with inventories subtracting 3.2pp and imports adding 5.0pp. These are volatile categories and inventories, in particular, have large measurement error. Image
Here are those import and inventory numbers. In Q1 firms imported a lot to get ahead of tariffs. Then in Q2 imports fell back down to a more normal pace (about the same as in 2024). A lot of those imports went into inventories in Q1 and came out of them in Q2. Image
Image
Read 8 tweets

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