At baseline, all groups were equal in all measures.
They looked at:
ā„ Weight
ā„ BMI
ā„ Waist circumfrence
ā„ Hip circumfrence
ā„ Body fat %
ā„ Fasting blood sugar
ā„ Lipids
(3/7)
Apple cider vinegar improved ALL measures.
After 12 weeks, even 1 teaspoon led to 5 kg (11 lb) of weight loss.
3 teaspoons led to 7 kg (>15 lb!) of weight loss, around 2-3 kg a month.
All of the apple cider vinegar groups also had lower BMI and lower waist circumfrence, so this was mainly belly fat.
(4/7)
Apple cider vinegar also reduced body fat %.
Those taking 3 teaspoons shaved 2% off.
People without it increased body fat %.
Again, this is with no change in diet or exercise.
(5/7)
Apple cider vinegar also improved insulin resistance.
1 tsp ā dropped blood sugar by >5
2 tsp ā dropped it by >8
3 tsp ā dropped it by >10
No change for placebo.
ACV also reduced triglycerides and cholesterol levels.
(6/7)
The reason apple cider vinegar is so helpful for metabolism is because it contains acetic acid (acetate).
Acetate has a unique metabolism in comparison to other fuels, disproportionately increasing the AMP/ATP ratio in the cytosol of cells.
This turns on a master kinase known as AMPK, which:
ā Ramps up metabolic enzymes
ā Turns down fat production
ā Increases uptake of glucose
ā Reduces inflammation
ā Enhances mitochondrial function
and other protective effects.
AMPK is actually a primary target of the blockbuster diabetes drug metformin.
Vinegar does it and also doesn't inhibit your mitochondria in the process like metformin does.
(7/7)
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N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was shown to reverse brain damage from aluminum in a critical study.
(š§µ1/8)
Animals were put into 6 groups - either getting aluminum or NAC or both.
The aluminum was administered as aluminum chloride, and it was done so orally.
This is important because roughly only 0.5% of oral aluminum chloride is absorbed, so the real effective doses the animals received were far less than than the 100 mg / kg.
This is still a high dose, but aluminum is known to accumulate in tissues.
Animals had severely impaired memory performance with the aluminum, but this was improved with NAC.
The morris water test trains rats to find a hidden platform in pool.
The latencies (times) is how long it takes to find it on a given day.
Less time = better memory.
As you can see, the high dose NAC almost completely reversed the memory impairment from aluminum.