Appendix C. Triangulation and Hierarchy of Evidence: Debt, Assets, and the Monetary Function of the Balance Sheet
"Across all tests, posterior belief that financial assets perform the monetary function exceeds 99.5 %, satisfying the “decisive evidence” threshold."
The Three Axes of Empirical Proof
This establishes the creation mechanism of effective money.
Nominal purchasing power arises not from central-bank base money but from private and public credit issuance.
Balance-Sheet Structure (Ω): Assets as Money’s Internal Equivalent
The GDP-FX Triangle: Assets as Money’s External Equivalent
C3. Triangulated Structure of Proof
Together, these axes demonstrate the three canonical monetary functions—creation, circulation, and valuation—arise from balance-sheet dynamics.
Hierarchy of Evidence
Bayesian Synthesis
Posterior confidence exceeds 99.5 %, satisfying the “decisive evidence” criterion on the Jeffreys scale.
Implications and Integration
Through causal, structural, and external validation, the triangulated evidence confirms that the defining functions of money—creation, store of value, and unit of account—are now performed by the aggregate financial balance sheet.
Appendix D. Triangulation and Hierarchy of Evidence: Summary and Bayesian Confidence Box
The Empirical Hierarchy
Bayesian Confidence Box
Together they show that the financial balance sheet is the money supply, and that assets are money’s operational form.
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Assets Are Effective Money: Empirical and Theoretical Evidence from Balance-Sheet Dynamics
This paper argues and demonstrates empirically that financial assets are effective money: their expansion drives aggregate demand, profits, and inflation with measurable lags and with statistical precision that far exceeds the explanatory capacity of conventional monetary aggregates (M1, M2, or base money).
@russellwadey Inflation as the Price-Level Representation of Claim Dilution
"If equity exists on the macro balance sheet, then inflation is the logical and empirical representation of claim dilution — i.e., the price-level adjustment that reconciles expanding nominal claims with real output."
@russellwadey When the total stock of nominal claims expands more rapidly than real output, the purchasing power of each existing claim declines.
@russellwadey Thus, if equity exists on the balance sheet, inflation is the arithmetic reconciliation of nominal claim expansion with real output.
@russellwadey From Ex-Post Income Identity to Ex-Ante Balance-Sheet Dynamics
The income-expenditure identity is descriptive; it records how GDP is distributed.
The balance-sheet identity is causal; it explains how GDP is created.
@russellwadey The identity therefore tells us how income was spent, not why it changed.
@russellwadey Thus, to generate additional spending in aggregate, one sector must expand its balance sheet.
This converts the income-expenditure framework into a flow-of-funds mechanism:
Policy Regimes Are Balance-Sheet States, Not Discretionary Switches
“Using a Markov-switching reaction function and logit bridge, we show that the probability of an ‘active’ Fed regime rises systematically with total-debt-to-GDP (Ω). Policy regime is not independent; it’s a balance-sheet state.”