Daniel Brittain Dugger Profile picture
Oct 16 32 tweets 6 min read Read on X
Monocytosis? It contributes to the profoundness of that not observed in ME/CFS but was in seventy percent of Dr. Apple's Control arm in January of 2022: Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment.
Remarkable how well prepared we were. It was on September 29th, 2020 that Kenneth Podell advanced the hypothesis individuals would develop the functional equivalent of HIV Associated Neurocognitive Decline, mentioned in the Airborne AIDS paper.
Multiple Neuroinvasive Pathways in COVID-19
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC75…
"One can draw on the experience with an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The initial understanding of HIV/AIDS was that of the virus affecting the immune system by depleting T cells, which resulted in opportunistic infections of multiple organs, including the brain."
"However, it did not take long to discover that the disease could also attack the brain directly, which resulted in long-term cognitive impairment."
"Subsequently, HIV encephalopathy and AIDS dementia complex leading to long-term cognitive impairment were discovered [87]. Based on the emerging literature, it is reasonable to hypothesize a somewhat similar scenario may unfold in relationship to COVID-19."
The HIV+ not found to Neurocognitively Normal (NCN) have their impairment staged according to the Frascati Criteria, which recognizes Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment, Mild Neurocognitive Decline, and AIDS Dementia Complex.
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder — pathogenesis and prospects for treatment
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC49…
That which is preserved in those living with ANI and lost in those living with ME/CFS, their autonomy.
Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI)
Impairment in ≥2 neurocognitive domains (≥1 SD)
Does not interfere with daily functioning
Mild neurocognitive disorder (MND)
Impairment in ≥2 neurocognitive domains (≥1 SD)
Mild to moderate interference in daily functioning
HIV-associated dementia (HAD)
Marked (≥2 SD) impairment in ≥2 neurocognitive domains
Marked interference in daily functioning
We have known individuals satisfy the diagnostic criteria for ANI since January of 2022.
January 18, 2022
Cerebrospinal Fluid Offers Clues to Post-COVID ‘Brain Fog’
ucsf.edu/news/2022/01/4…
"All participants underwent an in-person cognitive testing battery with a neuropsychologist, applying equivalent criteria used for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND)."
"Surprisingly, the researchers found that 13 of the 22 participants (59 percent) with cognitive symptoms met HAND criteria, compared with seven of the 10 control participants (70 percent)."
Could You Have ME/CFS? (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome)
cdc.gov/me-cfs/pdfs/co…
ME/CFS is a complex illness and symptoms of ME/CFS may seem similar to many other illnesses. ME/CFS requires three symptoms:
Not being able to participate in routine activities that were possible before becoming ill, such as work, school, social life, and/or personal life, that:
• Lasts for more than 6 months
• Is accompanied by fatigue that is:
• Often serious
• Just started (not lifelong)
• Not the result of ongoing activities
• Not from more than usual effort
• Not made better by rest
Monocytosis in the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection predicts the presence of anosognosia for cognitive deficits in the chronic phase
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC94…
Is the Trojan Horse Hypothesis well established in ME/CFS as it is in HIV? It has only been recognized with SARS-Cov-2 since October of 2021.
2021 Oct 28
Macrophages and Monocytes: “Trojan Horses” in COVID-19
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC86…
They will cross a compromised Blood Brain Barrier and differentiate into the primary target of HIV within the CNS, perivascular macrophages.
We actually learned of the productive infection of perivascular macrophages and the choroid plexus in June of 2021, along with microglia.
Published: 21 June 2021
Dysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types in severe COVID-19
nature.com/articles/s4158…
Involvement of the choroid plexus can lead to the development of communicating hydrocephalus, as was the case here.
Hydrocephalus secondary to COVID-19 infection
academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/…
This paper also reports ventriculomegaly, or enlarged ventricles.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Associated with Mild COVID-19 Infection in an Obstetric Cohort in Brazil
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC97…
There is another form of hydrocephalus that can form, tied to the loss of CD4 cells mentioned above, hydrocephalus ex vacuo. I don't believe the CD4 nadir has any relevance in ME/CFS to cortical thinning.
Low CD4 nadir linked to widespread cortical thinning in adults living with HIV
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC69…
"The percent (%) of cortical thinning with every 100-cell drop in nadir CD4 at each location varied between 0.41% and 4.15%."
With a CD4 nadir of 500, it can be assumed they have lost at least .41% and 4.15% of cortical thickness as a consequence of drawing the incorrect parallels.
2 students diagnosed with tuberculosis at Klein Cain High School
khou.com/article/news/l…
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo
It is usually seen in asymptomatic elderly people as a result of aging brain with related volume loss, as well in pathological conditions that promote brain shrinkage:
radiopaedia.org/articles/hydro…Image
Ron Davis, HURRY!

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More from @dbdugger

Oct 2
@Rob_DeRosa You can personally blame everyone who has not held Akiko Iwasaki responsible for her use of HIV’s Nef as a positive control in 2023. They destroyed you like losers and fuckups do to people.
@Rob_DeRosa Enhanced inhibition of MHC-I expression by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10…
@Rob_DeRosa “We also included HIV Nef as a positive control for downregulating both MHC-I and MHC-II (30, 31), and SARS-CoV ORF8a/b proteins as a negative control.”
Read 7 tweets
Sep 28
And the salivary and lacrimal glands, contributing to the Sjogren’s Like Syndrome. Diffuse Infiltrative Lymphocytosis Syndrome is a concept in HIV medicine that is as old as the hills.
Then, there is the Trojan Horse Hypothesis, also long recognized in HIV medicine that was recognized with SARS-Cov-2 four years ago!

Macrophages and Monocytes: “Trojan Horses” in COVID-19

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC86…
Their elevation contributed to the profoundness of IGNORED Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment. Hard to believe but folks destroyed their OWN INCOME SOURCE’S cognition by drawing parallels to ME/CFS.
Read 11 tweets
Sep 26
Deprived of forty years of evidenced based medicine related to HIV, those living with Long Covid are the victims of narrative based medicine, that they have developed ME/CFS. One protein, operating mechanistically as HIV's Tat disproves they have developed ME/CFS.
SARS-CoV-2 targets ribosomal RNA biogenesis
cell.com/cell-reports/p…
"Finally, the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus interacts with FBL and U3 snoRNA, impairing prerRNA processing and depleting mature ribosomes."
Read 61 tweets
Sep 17
Did APOE4 appear on the list of genes associated with ME/CFS as it appears in SARS-Cov-2 and HIV literature? No. Wrong parallels drawn. Holy shit, what a MEss. LMAO.
It was in 2022 that we learned of the productive infection of astrocytes, brain microvascular endothelial cells, and three hypotheses were advanced to explain why amyloid deposition is occurring.
2022 Jul 18
In SARS-CoV-2, astrocytes are in it for the long haul
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC93…
Read 67 tweets
Sep 4
Now finding myself a victim of the Long Covid is like ME/CFS narrative with a CD4 count cut in half, I must say the MEntal weakness on display is disgusting. We knew in January of 2021 individuals had not developed ME/CFS.
It was in January evidence of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension developing secondary to an infection was made known.
2021 Jan 7
Evidence of Pulmonary Hypertension after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Subjects without Previous Significant Cardiovascular Pathology
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC78…
Ten months later, more evidence of HIV Nef-like mediated damage was provided here.
Published: 15 November 2021
SARS-CoV-2 inhibits induction of the MHC class I pathway by targeting the STAT1-IRF1-NLRC5 axis
nature.com/articles/s4146…
Read 67 tweets
Aug 31
I will always regard Harry as a disreputable degenerate for failing to consider my lived patient experience as I have advocated for my family members of the past three years. I'm not the only one who has drawn parallels to HIV, there is Akiko Iwasaki.
Where might the vascular remodeling be taking place? What about in the lungs? It is evidence of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension developing that provided the first evidence of Nef-like mediated damage.
2021 Jan 7
Evidence of Pulmonary Hypertension after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Subjects without Previous Significant Cardiovascular Pathology
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC78…
Read 50 tweets

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