1/ What if one mutation causes vasculitis, strokes, immune deficiency & cytopenias — all in one patient?
That’s DADA2 (Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2).
@DrAkhilX @IhabFathiSulima #MedTwitter #RheumTwitter
2/ 🔍 What is DADA2?
•Rare, autosomal recessive disease
•Mutations in ADA2 gene → enzyme deficiency
•Impacts vessels, immune system, bone marrow
🧵 Management of Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis) – 2025 Update
1/ Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis, SSc) is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease with fibrosis, vasculopathy, and autoimmunity at its core.
Management is organ-specific and evolving with new evidence. Let’s break it down. 👇
@DrAkhilX @IhabFathiSulima #MedTwitter
2/ 🔹 General Principles
•No single “cure” exists.
•Approach is multidisciplinary: rheumatology, pulmonology, cardiology, nephrology, dermatology.
•Early recognition of organ involvement = better outcomes.
3/ 🌿 Lifestyle & Supportive Care
•Smoking cessation
•Physical therapy & hand exercises
•Skin care (moisturizers, avoid cold exposure)
•Vaccinations (flu, pneumococcal, COVID)
•Patient education + psychosocial support
Tweet 1:
Proteinuria isn’t always just nephrology.
Sometimes, it’s the first clue to systemic disease.
Here’s how to approach proteinuria with an internal medicine + rheumatology lens 👇 @DrAkhilX @IhabFathiSulima #MedTwitter #RheumTwitter #NephroTwitter
Tweet 2:
🔍 Step 1: Confirm proteinuria
•Dipstick vs. spot UPr/Cr ratio vs. 24h collection
•Rule out false positives (alkaline urine, hematuria, concentrated sample)
Tweet 3:
📊 Step 2: Quantify
•<500 mg/day → often tubular or overflow causes
•0.5–3.5 g/day → non-nephrotic, think secondary causes
•3.5 g/day → nephrotic, raises red flags for glomerular pathology
🧵 : Shortness of Breath – When is it Rheumatology?
Tweet 1:
Shortness of breath (SOB) isn’t always cardiac or pulmonary.
Sometimes, the cause is hidden in the immune system.
Here’s how to separate Medicine vs Rheumatology causes 👇
@DrAkhilX @IhabFathiSulima @CelestinoGutirr #MedTwitter #RheumTwitter #PulmoTwitter
🧵 Approach to Recurrent Fever – Don’t Miss These Clues
Tweet 1:
Recurrent fever is a diagnostic puzzle.
Is it infection, malignancy, or autoimmunity?
Here’s a structured approach every clinician should know 👇
@DrAkhilX @IhabFathiSulima #MedTwitter #RheumTwitter
Tweet 2:
📌 Step 1: Define it
•Recurrent fever = fever episodes with return to baseline in between.
•Different from persistent FUO.
•History of pattern (daily, cyclical, periodic) is vital.
🧵 Rheumatology hides its best lessons in the wards, not the pages.
These are 5 clinical pearls that every resident must know 👇
@IhabFathiSulima @DrAkhilX #MedTwitter
Tweet 2 (Pearl 1 – MAS in sJIA):
💡 MAS in systemic JIA doesn’t always shout at you.
•Ferritin >5000 ng/mL is a warning bell
•Don’t wait for pancytopenia or multi-organ failure
•Early recognition + immunosuppression = life-saving
Tweet 3 (Pearl 2 – ANA):
💡 ANA positivity ≠ Lupus by default.
•ANA can be transient post-infection or drug-induced
•A test without the right clinical context misleads
•Always treat the patient, not just the antibody