Most Americans don’t realize it, but many of our highways follow routes far older than the country itself.
Originally corridors carved by geology, crafted by bison migrations, and turned into continental road systems by Indigenous nations.
Let’s peel back the asphalt.🧵
Bison weren’t just wandering the continent.
They were reading it.
They followed the logic of the land:
• ridge spines avoiding deep valleys
• wind gaps cut by ancient rivers
• river terraces high enough to stay dry
• limestone benches that drain clean
• the shallowest possible fords
• salt and mineral lines that shaped migration
Then they pounded that wisdom into the ground for thousands of years, turning soft forest into hardened corridors that could handle tens of thousands of animals in motion.
The first paths.
Indigenous nations recognized these corridors for what they were:
pre-built highways laid down by the land itself.
The Shawnee, Cherokee, Miami, Haudenosaunee, Chickasaw, Catawba, Yuchi, Delaware, and dozens more expanded these traces into continental road systems.
They widened choke points.
Cut back brush.
Marked turns with bent trees.
Carved steps into steep bluffs.
Built causeways over seasonal wetlands.
Created rest sites, shrines, trading stations, and war camps along the routes.
This wasn’t “primitive travel.”
A buffalo trace became a diplomatic road, then a trade artery, then a military highway.