Light absorption promotes an electron in the free radical from its ground state (a doublet state, D0, due to the single unpaired electron) to a higher energy excited state (D1, D2, etc.).
Doublet Emission: The subsequent emission of light occurs as the excited radical returns from the lowest excited state (D1) to the ground state (D0). This is termed "doublet emission" because both the excited and ground states are doublet spin states.
Doublet Emission: The subsequent emission of light occurs as the excited radical returns from the lowest excited state (D1) to the ground state (D0). This is termed "doublet emission" because both the excited and ground states are doublet spin states.
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In smartphones equipped with quantum dot (QD) displays (QLED), the quantum dots are excited by a blue LED backlight.
The process works as follows:
1Blue Light Generation: The display uses blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the primary light source.
2Excitation: This high-energy blue light shines onto a layer or film of red and green quantum dots, typically embedded within a polymer matrix behind the liquid crystal layer.
3Photoluminescence: The quantum dots absorb the blue photons, which raises their electrons to a higher energy level. As the electrons return to their ground state, the quantum dots re-emit light at specific, pure wavelengths (colors) based on their size due to the quantum confinement effect:
◦Smaller quantum dots emit green light.
◦Larger quantum dots emit red light.
4Color Combination: The resulting pure red, green, and the original blue light pass through the display layers to form the full spectrum of colors seen on the screen.
This method, known as photoluminescence (light excitation), allows for a wider, more vibrant color gamut and greater energy efficiency compared to traditional LCDs that use a white LED backlight with color filters.
In the future, fully emissive quantum dot displays (QD-LED or QDEL) may use an electric current to directly excite the quantum dots (electroluminescence), eliminating the need for a separate backlight, but this technology is still in the prototyping stage.
The process works as follows:
1Blue Light Generation: The display uses blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the primary light source.
2Excitation: This high-energy blue light shines onto a layer or film of red and green quantum dots, typically embedded within a polymer matrix behind the liquid crystal layer.
3Photoluminescence: The quantum dots absorb the blue photons, which raises their electrons to a higher energy level. As the electrons return to their ground state, the quantum dots re-emit light at specific, pure wavelengths (colors) based on their size due to the quantum confinement effect:
◦Smaller quantum dots emit green light.
◦Larger quantum dots emit red light.
4Color Combination: The resulting pure red, green, and the original blue light pass through the display layers to form the full spectrum of colors seen on the screen.
This method, known as photoluminescence (light excitation), allows for a wider, more vibrant color gamut and greater energy efficiency compared to traditional LCDs that use a white LED backlight with color filters.
In the future, fully emissive quantum dot displays (QD-LED or QDEL) may use an electric current to directly excite the quantum dots (electroluminescence), eliminating the need for a separate backlight, but this technology is still in the prototyping stage.
Liquid crystals and liposome bilayers are related by the formation of ordered lipid structures in an aqueous environment. Both are based on the self-assembly of amphipathic molecules (lipids), which can form liquid-crystalline phases, and are commonly structured as a lipid bilayer that can form liposomes (vesicles).
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