Since the nonsense yesterday when a public health body erroneously stated that 80% of infections diseases are spread by contact....
I promised a thread....
Lets start with the @WHO Hand hygiene guideline
@LazarusLong13
In Section 9 of WHO HH guideline the relationship of HCAI and hospital pathogens is revealed
2 assertions are made
A) Semmelweis used an antiseptic and it reduced puerperal fever.
B) Substantial evidence for hand antisepsis reducing HCAI is contained in citations 58, 179, 180 Image
Assertion A
Semmelweis did not use nor recommend an antiseptic. He recommended and used a disinfectant. Excerpt from his univ web site.
The procedure reduced PF but was intolerable & burnt HCWs' skin.
NB IS knew it was coming from the PM room and should have stopped PM visits Image
Oliver Wendall Holmes had recommended NEVER to do post mortems and midwifery - 4-years before Semmelweis started in Vienna.
NB Semmelweis was behind on his reading! Image
Semmelweis recommended the wrong control measure (disinfection) and not the correct one - stop PM room visits by doctors. Thus the WHO in their 2009 guidance got their first assertion wrong.
It was not an antiseptic - it was an intolerable to use in the long term disinfectant.
So what about Assertion B
Is there substantial evidence in 58, 179, 180?
Lets have a look Image
Here is citation 58
And this citation says.... its in 66 & 67 of citation 58... Image
Image
Well that is convenient because the WHO cites 58, 179 & 180 and 179 & 180 just happen to be the same 2 citations included in the WHOs citation 58 as 66 and 67 Image
Image
Well here is the Larson 1988 paper - I am not bowled over or drowning in evidence here
179 / 66 citation numbers Image
And wait for it another table of somewhat similar evidence...
180/67 Image
I am still looking for evidence that HH is the single most important measure to prevent HAI.
Clearly Pneumonia are not caused by HH, SSIs are the patient's own flora entering to infect via the air... UTI own flora, etc. etc.
Pathogens are released in bursts into the air....
Enough with overstating the impact of hand hygiene. Is it important yes! But at least as important are the pathogens travelling via the air. Image

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More from @EvonneTCurran

Dec 16, 2025
The Pittet 2000 paper makes the infamous claim. "HH remains the single most important measure to prevent nosocomial infections" (NB not just transmission but infections). There is just 1 citation... Image
Is to Larson 1995 the APIC Guideline on hand washing and hand antisepsis.
In which there is no such claim... Image
The claim made is that handwashing can reduce patient morbidity and mortality from nosocomial infection.... 4 references supplied. Image
Read 12 tweets
Nov 17, 2025
I continue to be disappointed in the guidance provided by national and international authorities to prevent transmission in healthcare settings...
Today its the CDC and influenza
🧵
I never like a guideline on a topic that says go somewhere else. Here the CDC has deferred to a new document. Image
The page indicates that for "different types of flu" there are different instructions. If true, this means transmission of "seasonal flu" is less important and will not get full protection... Best get that vaccine because the hosp is not applying full prevention precautions Image
Read 7 tweets
Aug 17, 2025
Lets have some fun... How is norovirus spread?
Ok No 1 its airborne in Scotland... exhaled and inhaled! Image
Correction in the community in Scotland its airborne but in hospitals - its contact...

Q why would you only list "main routes" do you not need to defend against them all... Image
In America touching alone is going to do it... Image
Read 11 tweets
May 12, 2025
When you make a Whopper of a mistake, e.g., "airborne infections are spread by sprayed on droplets", those in charge of PH guidance should have immediately identified whether other similar errors in MoTs are present.
Consider this.
An outbreak of cryptosporidium...
1/x Image
As @UKHSA tell us (as well as all PH agencies)... its contact
Default to contact is what is accepted for most MoTs.
Now if they are wrong - then all advice on prevention is at least incomplete. So, is there evidence of airborne?
2/x Image
Well lookie here....
There appears at the least the plausibility - lets look inside
3/x Image
Read 10 tweets
May 1, 2025
Thoughts from yesterday's @KnowlexUK conference
Its not 2020. It is more akin to when harms from, the likes of "passive smoke", "lack of seat belts" & "asbestos" became undeniable - although not visible to all.

There are significant, persistent and undeniable harms.
1/6
So where are we now, and where do we ?need to be to negate the harms
[starter for 10]

2/6 Image
We will never get to where we need to be in one leap or by 1 action.
What is needed first?
Diagnose the problem and acknowledge the risks
3/6 Image
Read 7 tweets
Apr 21, 2025
No exaggeration here - this is a major article. Forget your CERN collider, here is a method for obtaining mechanistic evidence of far-afield airborne transmission. It was undertaken in a facility designed to study TB.
1/10 Image
The authors state that there should be evidence of the transmission route to inform guidance.
Could not agree more. If only...

"Unambiguous demonstration of transmission routes is important."
Yes, Yes, Yes
By the way this wont come from RCTs!
2/10 Image
For all the implausibility of other routes, and the evidence during outbreak settings there were laggards...
3/10 Image
Read 10 tweets

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