JamesFennell MBE Profile picture
Dec 10, 2025 15 tweets 5 min read Read on X
New drone production facilities in the UK.

A quick thread noting some of the new capacity unveilled this year.

1./ Ukrspecsystems, the Ukrainian drone producer opened a new $250 million factory at RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk, as well as test facilities at the airfield. Image
UKrspecsystems manufactures the PD-2, Shark and mini-Shark ISR UAVs. Shark is likely to be built in the UK for both Ukriane and the British armed forces. Image
2./ Helsing, the German defence AI specialists have invested £350 million in new resilience factories in Plymouth to develop and produce the SG-1 Fathom ocean glider ASW detction drone and associated LURA AI platform, and manufacture the HX-2 medium range loitering munition. Image
SG-1 and LURA are components of the Atlantic Bastion programme announced by the RN this week. As part of the programme Helsing has aquired Blue Ocean Marine Technology Systems, a UK-Australian manufaturer of autonomous UAVs based at Plymouth who designed SG-1. Image
3./ Tekever, the Portuguese drone maker has invested £400 million in four sites in the UK employing 1,000 technicians, including a new 254,000 m2 facility in Swindon. Tekever manufactures AR-3, AR-5 an AR3 Evo in Swindon, Aberporth and Southampton. Image
AR-3 has been purchased by MOD for Ukraine and in a modified form for the RAF as StormShroud. AR-5 is in use by the Border Force to track small boats crossing the channel. Image
4./ STARK, another German manufacturer, has opened a new 40,000 m2 production facility, also in Swindon, for their Virtus medium range loitering munition, which has recently been trialled by the British Army and is being sent to Ukraine. Image
5./ In March Anduril, the US AI and drone maker, said they were considering opening a factory in the UK, although no site has been announced as yet. This month they unveilled a partnership with air taxi maker Archer and GKN for a strike drone for the British Army's Project NYX. Image
6./ Ukrpecsystems will produce the new Octopus interceptor drone, jointly developed by the UK and Ukraine, at their new Mildenhall factory from next year, for a range of European armed forces as part of the Drone Wall along Europe's frontiers. Image
7./ British SME Flyby is also building a new drone factory in Swindon, which is rapidly becoming a drone hub. Flyby will produce an improved version of their VTOL Jackal attack drone, which has previously been built in Turkey. Image
8./ Munin Dynamics, set up a former Norwegian Special Forces solider Magnus Freyer, has also established a factory at Swindon to produce smaller FPV type drones for Ukraine. Image
9./ To these new investments can be added the now BAES owned Malloy Aeronautics at Maidenhead, set up by Chirs Malloy, which has a footprint in the UK, Australia and USA producing T-150 and T-400 heavy lift drones, used in Ukraine and by British and US Armed Forces. Image
10./ there are numerous other drone manufacturers large and small as part of the UK's rapidly expanding ecosystem including British SMEs like UAVTEK in Cheltenham, M-Subs in Portsmouth. Established players like BAES, Thales, Saab and MBDA have also moved into drone production. Image
Neverthless the majority of this industrial capacity is currently underwritten by the UK's £5 billion per annum spend on munitions for Ukraine or the £5 billion MOD R&D budget, there are as yet few substantive orders for the British Armed Forces. That must change fast.
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More from @FennellJW

Dec 30, 2025
Convoys from South Africa, India, Australia and South America to the UK formed up in Freetown's vast natural harbour before proceeding under escort to Gibraltar and Britain. These Defiant target-tugs were used to drill the merchantmen in anti aricraft fire before they departed.
Sloops carried out day-to-day flag waving and policing duties from all of the major colonial ports, and from 1916 had been built with a secondary capability for use as convoy escorts. This included the fitting of depth charge racks and the earliest form of sonar - ASDIC. Image
Convoy escort sloops had been built in large numbers during the Great War to a standard 'Flower-class' design based on a fleet minesweeper hull. But by 1939 most of these ships were worn out and had been scrapped, sold off or converted for RNR harbour duties. Image
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Dec 27, 2025
Britain is buying Sky Sentinel AI controlled C-UAS turrets for Ukraine. These Ukrainian systems use EW and a 12.7mm Browning M2 HMG and are extremely effective against subsonic drones like Shahed. 10-30 of the $150K turrets are needed to protect a city. militarnyi.com/en/news/sky-se…
Sky Sentinel uses 'foreign components' which suggests a UK-UKR collaboration in design and manufacture. AI controlled, they do not require indivdual operatators, but can be integrated with and operated as part of an IAMD systems from remote command posts. Image
Billed as the world's first full automated AI controlled air defence turret, it fills a gap to counter cheap $10-$30 drones where sophisticated longer-ranged systems like Sky Sabre, IRIS-T or NASAMS are overkill, and can be optimsied for use against more complex threats. Image
Read 4 tweets
Dec 25, 2025
A thread on rapid scaling of the Royal Navy using quick-build autonomous systems:

1SL Gen Gwyn Jenkins has endorsed this approach, following his 'uncrewed where possible' mantra, but understanding that uncrewed will augment rather than replace crewed capabilities. Image
This means building low-cost, attritibel uncrewed systems to the current technology levels, rather than high-risk bleeding edge capabilities. So using proven remote control and AI autonomy on fast-build platforms for escort, ISR, picket dury/outer layers and magazine depth. Image
Work is already proceeding on many of these capabilities, much of it funded by industry, but little has been fielded operationally. In the UK this includes the M-Subs Excailbur and BAES Herne XLUUVs, Helsing Fathom SG-1 ASW Wave Glider, ACUA 43m ASW MUSV & Leonardo Proteus RUAS. Image
Read 27 tweets
Dec 19, 2025
The STEN.

In 1940 Britain only porduced the heavy and complex Lanchester SMG, a copy of the 1920s German MP28. The Lanchester was designed for use by naval boarding parties and also issued to the the RAF Regiment. It was made of high quailty materials and expensive to produce. Image
Large numbers of Thompson SMGs were ordered from the United States in 1939, but supply could never meet demand, especially after the US entered the war in 1941. The Thompson was also expensive to produce and relatively complex. Image
In 1940 the Design Department at the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich and the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield worked tegether to develop a simplified mass-production weapon, based the the Lanchester's action, compatable with the Lanchester/MP 28 magazine and 9x19mm Parabellum round. Image
Read 18 tweets
Dec 11, 2025
Lets look at the Second Tactical Air Force (2 TAF) and how RAF air support for 21st Army Group was organised and delivered.

2TAF was built on lessons in close air support learned in the Mediterranean with the Desert Air Force (later renamed the First Tactical Air Force). Image
Formed in July 1943, command passed to Arthur Coningham in January 1944, the New Zelander who had led the Desert Air Force from 1941-43 and pioneered the use of forward air control, 'cab ranks' and the rapid construction of forward air strips behind advancing ground forces. Image
Three RAF 'Groups' were assigned to 2TAF. These were the equivalent of USAAF 'Conmands'. 83 Group and 84 Group were newly formed Fighter Groups, containing units detached from Fighter Command, and 2 Group comprised tactical light ad medium bombers detached from Bomber Command. Image
Read 22 tweets
Dec 4, 2025
Lets look at the P-51 as an exercise in getting the right kit to the guys quickly.
1./ NA took a risk - they could have made $$ building P-40s, but they wanted more.
2./ They adopted the latest tech - they used NACA's secret R&D sauce to make the P-51 super slippery. Image
... more slippery than the Bf 109, the Spitfire or the FW 190.
3./ NA were aided by a tight Air Ministry specification, designed around real combat experience against the Luftwaffe.
4./ The engineers were left to get on with it - no SRO changing the specs, 90 days is all it took. Image
5./ Even before it got a Merlin, USAAF wanted it, but could not get out of contracts with Bell, Lockheed and Curtis-Wright, so they simply redesignated it a dive bomber to use an unspent budget line and NA obligingly fitted dive brakes and bomb racks. Image
Read 10 tweets

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