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Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
@VirusesImmunity
Jan 16 • 1 tweets • 1 min read • Read on X
Our review is highlighted by the cover of the current issue of @TrendsImmuno -The lingering shadow of epidemics: post-acute sequelae across history by Christine Miller and @jannamoen.
Please read (open access)👇🏼
cell.com/trends/immunol…Image

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More from @VirusesImmunity

Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
May 28
Excited to share our study by @keylas3 et al. on pathological autoantibodies in people with Long COVID. We asked whether IgG in patients with Long COVID bind to human tissues/antigens and cause pathologies when transferred into mice. With @PutrinoLab

doi.org/10.1016/j.cell…Image
Using tissue-based staining, a human proteome array, ELISA, IgG-pull down and mass spec, we identified a wide array of autoantibodies in those with LC. IgG targeting neurological antigens, such as NMDAR, were elevated in LC. Collab with CellTrend and @C_Scheibenbogen 🙏🏼 Image
With SeromYx, we found that autoantibodies to MED20 in LC have undergone class switching to IgG from IgM, bind to many FcgRs, and induce robust phagocytosis when in immune complexes compared to IgG from control participants Image
Read 9 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
May 23
Is there an association between human herpesviruses (HHVs) reactivation and Long COVID? We analyzed HHV DNA shedding in saliva and found that HHV-6 correlates with Long COVID severity. Claire Laxton, @S_Tabachnikova, Lily Cooke, Kexin Wang et al.

(1/) medrxiv.org/content/10.648…Image
Our study enrolled 45 participants with LC and 45 age-sex-matched controls. Surveys and health questionnaires were used to collect symptom profiles. Note the intense levels of fatigue, pain, and other symptoms in our LC group (bottom half) throughout the days 😱 (2/) Image
We quantified DNA from multiple HHVs in saliva to ask a simple question: are any of these viruses more active in those with worse Long COVID? HHV-6 stood out. Higher HHV-6 levels were associated with more severe symptoms and greater functional impairment (3/) Image
Read 5 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Apr 9
Our new preprint by @peowenlu @SaefIzzy @weinerlabhms and colleagues shows that nasal anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody treatment can reduce neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Long COVID, even when administered at 4 weeks after infection 🧠
biorxiv.org/content/10.648…
Neuroinflammatory damage is a hallmark of Long COVID. Nasal delivery of anti-CD3 mAb induces Treg and has shown therapeutic benefit in various autoimmune and CNS models of disease. In this study, we asked whether anti-CD3 mAb can reduce damage and restore neurogenesis.
First, we tested whether anti-CD3 mAb administered nasally starting at 1 week post-infection for 4 weeks. The treatment restored microglial and astrocyte densities and reduced inflammatory cytokines. Image
Read 5 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Nov 14, 2025
A groundbreaking paper by @younis_sh1 et al. @stanfordimmuno provides an answer to the long-standing question about how EBV infections are linked to lupus. A short thread to explain the key findings. (1/)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
The authors developed a new method called EBV-seq, enabling them to overcome the barrier of studying rare cells (~25 per 10,000 B cells in lupus patients) that are infected by EBV. Note that in healthy people, only 1/10,000 B cells are EBV-infected. (2/) Image
First, the authors found that EBV infects autoreactive B cells that express anti-nuclear antibodies in lupus patients, but not in healthy people or in patients with multiple sclerosis. (3/) Image
Read 6 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Aug 2, 2025
Introducing BEACON (Bioactive Enhanced Adjuvant Chemokine Oligonucleotide Nanoparticles) to stimulate mucosal immune responses against genital #HSV infection. Awesome work led by @sachinbhag, who designed and developed BEACON to guide T and B cells (1/)
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
The BEACON nanoparticle is composed of CpG ODN (TLR9 agonist) and CXCL9 (chemokine). When applied to the vaginal mucosa, the recruitment of antiviral T cells is achieved with minimal local inflammation - much more potent than CpG or CXCL9 separately. (2/) Image
Intramuscular vaccines do not promote mucosal immunity. BEACON can be used as a local adjuvant to boost HSV-2 gD- or gB-specific T and B cells, preventing not only disease/death but also blocking viral load in both vaginal tissue and dorsal root ganglia (🚫latency)(3/)👇🏼 Image
Read 4 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Jul 17, 2025
A fascinating new study by Vishnu Shankar et al. @stanfordimmuno shows that oxidative stress is a shared characteristic of ME/CFS and Long COVID in lymphocytes due to inability to clear reactive oxygen species. This happens in sex-specific manner. (1/)
pnas.org/doi/abs/10.107…Image
Females show higher mtROS levels and insufficient antioxidant levels, while males show mitochondrial lipid oxidative damage. While the reason for this is unclear, it may explain the sex differences in lymphocyte dysfunction we see in PAIS in general. (2/)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
ROS-targeting therapies were tested. Metformin treatment in vitro showed some impact on CD4 T cell proliferation. I suspect that other therapies to induce autophagy/mitophagy might also benefit restoration of T cell phenotype. #LowDoseRapamycin 👇🏼 (3/)
polybio.org/projects/long-…
Read 4 tweets

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