Gabriel Zucman Profile picture
Feb 3 10 tweets 3 min read Read on X
Affaire Epstein :

Comme souvent quand il s’agit des ultra-riches contemporains, les sociétés écran sont au coeur da la toile tissée par l’Américain

Pourquoi ? Quelles fonctions ces entités remplissent-elles véritablement ? 🧵
Un example pour commencer :

Selon les documents consultés par Mediapart, la fille de l’ancien ministre Jack Lang a fondé une société offshore domiciliée dans les îles vierges avec Epstein

Ayant passé de longues années à étudier ces entités, laissez moi vous expliquer leur rôle Image
Fondamentalement, les sociétés écran remplissent une fonction principale :

Déconnecter les richesses de leurs véritables détenteurs

Créer l’opacité qui permet aux grandes fortunes d’exercer un grand pouvoir, mais à l’abri des regards
C’est ainsi que les gros comptes en Suisse sont souvent détenus par des sociétés offshore:

Ce ne sont pas des personnes qui apparaissent sur les relevés bancaires, mais des coquilles vides

Cela garantit le même degré d’anonymat qu’un compte numéroté, interdit par la législation
Les sociétés écran sont également fort utiles pour entrer en affaire avec des personnes peu recommandables :

Elles permettent à leurs actionnaires de rester dissimulés

On peut ainsi faire du “business” sans avoir à se préoccuper de la réputation de ses partenaires.
L’optimisation fiscale joue également un rôle majeur :

Les bénéfices des entreprises sont normalement taxés par l’impôt sur les sociétés (IS)

Pas ceux des sociétés écran, qui souvent domiciliées dans des paradis fiscaux où le taux d’IS est un taux modeste de… 0 %
La recherche économique a démontré le caractère particulièrement élitiste du recours au société écran :

Il faut atteindre les 0,01 % les plus riches pour que leur utilisation devienne récurrente

gabriel-zucman.eu/files/AJZ2019.…Image
Ce sont les Panama Papers, en 2015, qui ont agi comme un révélateur

Cette fuite de données d'un cabinet spécialisé dans la création de sociétés écran a jeté une lumière crue sur cette forme de dissimulation, pratiquée aussi bien par les oligarques, les dictateurs & les criminels
De timides progrès ont été réalisés depuis :

Certains paradis fiscaux se sont engagés à recenser les bénéficiaires effectifs de leurs sociétés écrans

Mais de nombreux autres continuent à offrir une opacité parfaite

Pourquoi l’acceptons nous ?
Il n’appartient qu’à nous d’y mettre fin :

La France devrait refuser d’importer des biens et des services d’entreprises étrangères qui ne révèlent pas leurs propriétaires

Ces dernières devraient être soumises à de lourdes taxes – ou bien ces importations interdites.

/fin

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More from @gabriel_zucman

Jan 22
"The US is strong, Europe is weak"

You hear it everywhere: in the US national defense strategy, in speeches by Trump, Bessent, Lutnick, etc., in Davos this week.

You hear it everywhere but it's a myth.

The US has not grown faster than Europe since 2010, not by one iota. 🧵 Image
In a previous thread I focused on US growth

Growth has slowed down a lot since 1980 & even more so since 2010

GDP is rising, but that's largely because the US population is growing:

National income per adult has increased only 1.1% a year since 2010

Image
Now let's do the exact same computation for Europe

The numbers come from the World Inequality Database, which collects national accounts data from all countrieswid.world
Read 9 tweets
Jan 20
We hear it all the time:

Since the turn of the 2010s, thanks to the rise of tech, the US has pulled ahead economically.

This idea is everywhere from Washington to Davos—and it's paralyzing Europe

But it's simply not true!

Let's look at what's really happening, with charts🧵 Image
I’m going to focus on the most basic macroeconomic statistics of the US.

The numbers are taken from the official national accounts of the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

Everything is in the open for everyone to see, and straightforward to compute.
Let’s look first at income growth in the US, using the broadest and most internationally comparable measure of income: national income

The growth of US national income is bad.

Very bad!

National income per adult has increased 1.1% per year on average over the period 2010-2025 Image
Read 11 tweets
Jan 19
In 1910, the richest 0.00001% households in the U.S. owned wealth equivalent to 4% of U.S. national income.

Today: 12%.

The wealth and power of the super-rich now far exceeds its Gilded Age peak

gzucman.substack.com/p/standing-up-…Image
These series update and extend those presented in Figure 3 of this paper:


And express the wealth of the top 0.00001% as a fraction of total US national income (as opposed to total US household wealth)gabriel-zucman.eu/files/PSZ2021J…
What this statistic means is simple:

If they spent all their wealth, the top 0.00001% (= 19 households today) could buy close to 12% of the value of all the goods and services produced in a given year in the US

As opposed to 4% at the peak of the first Gilded Age
Read 5 tweets
Jan 17
When the EU caved in to Trump on trade in July, many of us warned that this type of extorsion never stops

Now Trump threatens 10% (25% in June) tariffs on 8 European countries opposing a US takeover of Greenland

It is time to unleash a radical response:

Tariffs for oligarchs🧵
The European response to Trump so far – sending ~10 soldiers to Greenland – has been pitiful.

Any serious response has to be in the economic sphere, where the EU has a lot of power: a market of 450 million consumers.
It's also in the economic sphere that the US a key weakness:

Its highly internationalized oligarchy of ultra-wealthy individuals whose fortunes depend on a global consumer base.
Read 7 tweets
Jan 6
It’s official and it’s shameful:

US multinationals will be exempt from the global minimum tax 🧵 Image
In 2021, more than 130 countries agreed to tax large corporations at a minimum rate of 15%.

Even though the rate was very low, it was a step forward, because this agreement carried with it a sense of hope.
The hope of putting an end to multinational tax evasion, where each year, $1 trillion in profits are shifted to tax havens.
Read 9 tweets
Jan 4
You cannot make sense of Nicolás Maduro’s removal without grasping the enormous financial interests involved with regime change in Caracas — and the long history of staggering cross-border wealth extraction from Venezuela to the US🧵 Image
Maduro was of course a brutal and corrupt autocrat.

But Trump has never had any trouble working with brutal and corrupt autocrats.

Such traits rarely trouble him.
The real goal of the Trump operation lies elsewhere:

Reclaiming Venezuela’s oil rents for the benefit of US multinationals and their shareholders—an arrangement that peaked in the 1950s, during the mythic “golden age” endlessly invoked by the MAGA movement.
Read 7 tweets

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