Gabriel Epstein Profile picture
Feb 24 11 tweets 9 min read Read on X
UPDATING THREAD: Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) has released a sizable list of high-ranking commanders killed during the war, particularly second-in-commands of many key units. Notable IDs, including journalists, doctors, and others below.🧵 Image
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Mahdi Hassan Mohammed al-Mamlouk (ID#: 801389321, 38) was the deputy head of PIJ's central communications unit as well as a broadcast engineer for PIJ's satellite channel, al-Quds al-Youm TV. He was killed in a Nov 2024 airstrike, and is listed by the CPJ and IFJ (though not the Hamas-run GMO) as a journalist.Image
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Fadi Jihad Mohammed al-Wadiyya (ID# 802854323, age 33) , a physiotherapist working for Doctors Without Borders, was ID'd by the IDF as a PIJ member shortly after he was killed in a June 2024 airstrike. Today, PIJ confirmed that al-Wadiyya was the deputy head of their military manufacturing unit. Image
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Another physiotherapist (for the Health Ministry) Waseem Yahya Abdulqader al-Ustaz (ID#: 801330481, age 37), was also the deputy commander of PIJ's Northern Brigade. al-Ustaz was killed in a November 2023 airstrike. Image
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Alaa Hassan Abdullah Asbihi (ID#: 400060240, 29) was a nurse at the European Hospital in southern Gaza, as well as the deputy commander of PIJ's Military Manufacturing Unit. He was killed along with his family in a December 2023 airstrike. Image
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Samir Suleiman Abu Shawish (ID#: 800428146, age 40), commander of PIJ's Yabna Battalion in the Rafah Brigade, is listed as working at the MAAN Development Center, a Palestinian NGO, in an unclear role. Abu Shawish was killed in an April 2025 airstrike. Image
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Abdullah Mohammed Mahmoud Khattab (ID#: 900959230, age 48), the commander of the Southern Deir al-Balah Battalion in the Central Brigade, was killed in a September 2024 strike near the al-Aqsa hospital. His son Hamdan (ID# 424419307, age 17), a likely child combatant, was killed alongside him.Image
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Hatem Khalaf Ibrahim Abu al-Jidian (ID#: 906736798, age 42), the commander of the Eastern Deir al-Balah Battalion, was killed in the same strike near al-Aqsa Hospital. Image

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Deputy head of PIJ's Central Intelligence Unit Arafat Abdullah Mahmoud Abu Zayed (ID#: 800428633, age 39), was also a political analyst and writer for the SHMS agency and Palestine Today. However, he is not included on the CPJ, IFJ, or Hamas-run GMO lists of journalists or media workers. Abu Zayed was killed in an August 2024 airstrike.
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While many of these commanders' deaths had been previously revealed, and some date back to the first weeks of the war, others are new. While Mohyeddin Mahmoud Sadiq -- commander of PIJ's al-Balad battalion in the Khan Younis Brigade -- was killed in August 2025, his death was not reported to the MOH and his family was silent on social media until today.
Cases like this underscore just how effective Gazan militants' refusal to distinguish between combatants and civilians and pressure for families of killed militants to stay quiet can be. Without the group itself or family members breaking silence, combatant identification becomes near-impossible without closed-source intelligence work. This challenge is amplified for mid-level commanders who tightly follow operational security protocols and who are not well known to Gazans who could otherwise identify them.Image
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Summing up: PIJ announced the deaths of 41 high-level commanders, including:
- 3 Members of its General Staff Council and 1 of its Military Council
- 16 deputy (or assistant) commanders in manufacturing, missile, administrative, operations, and other units
- 6 deputy brigade commanders
- 15 battalion commanders

Dual civilian roles for 8 of 41 commanders are currently known, including four in medical roles, two in media/journalist roles, one religious position, and 1 apparent NGO worker.

34/41 are listed on the November 2025 MOH death toll list. Of the missing seven, five died during or after October 2025.Image

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More from @GabrielEpsteinX

Jul 10
Ibrahim Rizq Nimr Arshi (ID#: 802379503, age 35), director of Turkish NGO IHH's nutrition program in Gaza, was a squad leader in the training section of Palestinian Islamic Jihad's central operations unit, Gaza Brigade. Arshi was killed in June 2025 with another PIJ militant. 🧵 Image
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Arshi was identified as IHH's (also known as the Turkish Humanitarian Relief Foundation) nutrition program director in Gaza in interviews for multiple al-Jazeera articles from March-May 2025, as well as by the Lebanese newspaper an-Nahar (which referred to him as a social protection officer with IHH instead) and the Hamas-affiliated Shehab news agency.Image
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Memorial posts from family members also show Arshi with an IHH vest during food distributions in undated photos. Image
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Read 7 tweets
Jun 19
On June 18, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) published notices for 20 of its slain squad-level leaders in Gaza, bringing the total number of commanders and officers identified since February to 497 across 21 releases. This reflects a shift towards announcing lower-tier military figures. 🧵Image
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In general, these squad-level leaders are more difficult to find information on than higher-ranking commanders. In other cases, they do not appear on the Hamas-run Ministry of Health (MOH) death toll registry despite their deaths being well-publicized.
An example is Mustafa Ismail Mustafa al-Wadiyya, a Nukhba squad leader in PIJ’s Gaza Brigade. His death (and those of at least two brothers who were also PIJ militants) has widely documented by relatives and PIJ-affiliated channels since at least July 2024, but he does not appear on the MOH list.Image
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Read 9 tweets
Jun 15
On June 13, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) published notices for 16 more slain military officers in Gaza, bringing the total identified since February to 477 across 20 releases. This set focuses primarily on the Khan Younis Brigade and includes an NGO board member. 🧵 Image
Mohammed Zayed Hamed Zaqmat (ID#: 921895991, age 53), a board member of the National Development Forum educational and cultural NGO, was a platoon deputy in PIJ’s military judicial unit in the Khan Younis Brigade. Zaqmat was killed in an October 2023 airstrike along with several relatives, including one son, Zayed Mohammed Zayed Zaqmat (ID#: 803879220, age 30), who was a militant.Image
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Alaa Ismail Salem Abu Lahia (ID#: 400603866, age 30), a worker at the Zamzam Water Distribution Company, was a platoon deputy within the infrastructure file in PIJ’s Khan Younis Brigade. Abu Lahia was killed in August 2025. Image
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Read 8 tweets
Jun 12
On June 9, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) published notices for 19 more slain officers in Gaza, bringing the total identified since February to 461 across 19 releases. This set includes two journalists, a police officer, and a tribal relations official. 🧵 Image
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Read 9 tweets
Jun 11
Jumaa Salah Fares Siam (ID#: 900544701, age 46), part of Palestinian Islamic Jihad's coordination file in the Gaza Brigade, publicly worked as a member of PIJ's Public Relations and Reform Committee--responsible for the tribal file in Gaza. Siam was killed in November 2024.🧵 Image
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Siam worked for the Reform committee dating back to at least 2013, and was also an important member of his own clan. Image
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An underexplored (and difficult to research) aspect of militant group control in Gaza is their relationship with clans. Coercive efforts, like attacks on the Dughmush and Majayda clans, are well-publicized, but the more subtle day-to-day expressions of power seem to have much more to do with relationship management and internecine politics.

The Public Relations and Reform Committee that Siam sat on for over a decade is a clear example of PIJ's efforts to exert political influence over Gaza clans -- it handled both the movement's relationships with clans and was involved in mediating inter-clan disputes.
Read 4 tweets
Jun 10
Another Gazan militant/journalist: Helmi Mohammed Helmi al-Faqawi (ID#: 401814496, age 28), who worked for the PIJ-affiliated Palestine Today TV outlet, was a deputy squad/platoon-level leader in PIJ's central military media unit in the Khan Younis Brigade. al-Faqawi, killed in an April 2025 strike, was one of several family members involved with PIJ. 🧵Image

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Jamal Aref Salem al-Faqawi (ID#: 402220396, age 27), a journalist at the PIJ-affiliated Mithaq Media Foundation, was a deputy platoon/squad leader in PIJ's central support and supply unit in the Khan Younis Brigade. Jamal was killed in an October 2023 strike, and was first ID'd by @MiddleEastBuka. Both Helmi and Jamal were claimed by PIJ in the same June 9 media release.Image
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I mentioned Helmi al-Faqawi in this earlier identification of Arafat al-Faqawi, a court clerk in Rafah and PIJ commander.
Read 4 tweets

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