Gabriel Epstein Profile picture
Feb 24 11 tweets 9 min read Read on X
UPDATING THREAD: Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) has released a sizable list of high-ranking commanders killed during the war, particularly second-in-commands of many key units. Notable IDs, including journalists, doctors, and others below.🧵 Image
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Mahdi Hassan Mohammed al-Mamlouk (ID#: 801389321, 38) was the deputy head of PIJ's central communications unit as well as a broadcast engineer for PIJ's satellite channel, al-Quds al-Youm TV. He was killed in a Nov 2024 airstrike, and is listed by the CPJ and IFJ (though not the Hamas-run GMO) as a journalist.Image
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Fadi Jihad Mohammed al-Wadiyya (ID# 802854323, age 33) , a physiotherapist working for Doctors Without Borders, was ID'd by the IDF as a PIJ member shortly after he was killed in a June 2024 airstrike. Today, PIJ confirmed that al-Wadiyya was the deputy head of their military manufacturing unit. Image
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Another physiotherapist (for the Health Ministry) Waseem Yahya Abdulqader al-Ustaz (ID#: 801330481, age 37), was also the deputy commander of PIJ's Northern Brigade. al-Ustaz was killed in a November 2023 airstrike. Image
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Alaa Hassan Abdullah Asbihi (ID#: 400060240, 29) was a nurse at the European Hospital in southern Gaza, as well as the deputy commander of PIJ's Military Manufacturing Unit. He was killed along with his family in a December 2023 airstrike. Image
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Samir Suleiman Abu Shawish (ID#: 800428146, age 40), commander of PIJ's Yabna Battalion in the Rafah Brigade, is listed as working at the MAAN Development Center, a Palestinian NGO, in an unclear role. Abu Shawish was killed in an April 2025 airstrike. Image
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Abdullah Mohammed Mahmoud Khattab (ID#: 900959230, age 48), the commander of the Southern Deir al-Balah Battalion in the Central Brigade, was killed in a September 2024 strike near the al-Aqsa hospital. His son Hamdan (ID# 424419307, age 17), a likely child combatant, was killed alongside him.Image
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Hatem Khalaf Ibrahim Abu al-Jidian (ID#: 906736798, age 42), the commander of the Eastern Deir al-Balah Battalion, was killed in the same strike near al-Aqsa Hospital. Image

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Deputy head of PIJ's Central Intelligence Unit Arafat Abdullah Mahmoud Abu Zayed (ID#: 800428633, age 39), was also a political analyst and writer for the SHMS agency and Palestine Today. However, he is not included on the CPJ, IFJ, or Hamas-run GMO lists of journalists or media workers. Abu Zayed was killed in an August 2024 airstrike.
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While many of these commanders' deaths had been previously revealed, and some date back to the first weeks of the war, others are new. While Mohyeddin Mahmoud Sadiq -- commander of PIJ's al-Balad battalion in the Khan Younis Brigade -- was killed in August 2025, his death was not reported to the MOH and his family was silent on social media until today.
Cases like this underscore just how effective Gazan militants' refusal to distinguish between combatants and civilians and pressure for families of killed militants to stay quiet can be. Without the group itself or family members breaking silence, combatant identification becomes near-impossible without closed-source intelligence work. This challenge is amplified for mid-level commanders who tightly follow operational security protocols and who are not well known to Gazans who could otherwise identify them.Image
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Summing up: PIJ announced the deaths of 41 high-level commanders, including:
- 3 Members of its General Staff Council and 1 of its Military Council
- 16 deputy (or assistant) commanders in manufacturing, missile, administrative, operations, and other units
- 6 deputy brigade commanders
- 15 battalion commanders

Dual civilian roles for 8 of 41 commanders are currently known, including four in medical roles, two in media/journalist roles, one religious position, and 1 apparent NGO worker.

34/41 are listed on the November 2025 MOH death toll list. Of the missing seven, five died during or after October 2025.Image

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More from @GabrielEpsteinX

Feb 24
Mohammed Akram Abdullah al-Kafarna (40), head of the Palestinian Nursing Association and nursing supervisor at Kamal al-Adwan Hospital in northern Gaza, was a Hamas militant killed in the Beit Hanoun area in September 2025. 🧵 Image
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al-Kafarna's death was announced in late September 2025 by a major Hamas media Telegram channel, among a set of 13 militants killed the north Gaza neighborhood following heavy IDF operations. His picture appears at 00:34 in the video below. Image

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Memorial posts refer to al-Kafarna as a “mujahid” and sometimes as a commander. al-Kafarna is not listed in the Nov 2025 Gaza Health Ministry death toll list. Since he died in an inaccessible area of Beit Hanoun and is unlikely to have arrived at a hospital, this implies that either his family has not yet reported his death or the Health Ministry has not yet processed it.Image
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Read 6 tweets
Feb 19
A new Gaza death toll list provided to the Israeli newspaper @haaretz by the Hamas-run Gaza MOH has been released (the 13th iteration), containing 68,820 non-duplicate entries and covering up to November 10, 2025. Very long analysis of data quality, demographics, and unknowns: Image
Like all published MOH lists, the November list does not distinguish between civilians and combatants and attributes all listed deaths uniformly to Israeli action. Nor does it include dates of death (no list has) or collection methodology (some earlier iterations did).
The new list contains 68,844 reported deaths, 99.91% of which have complete information. See my previous analysis for more on why “completeness” is only one of several relevant metrics, including validity and accuracy, to use when assessing the MOH list. Image
Read 26 tweets
Feb 14
New posts on popular Gazan militant obituary channels show that the police director of the Kerem Shalom crossing, Bassem Salah Mohammed Ghubn, was a longstanding member of Hamas and a lifelong friend of Alaa al-Hadidi, supply chief in Hamas' manufacturing headquarters. 🧵 Image
Ghubn and Hadidi are described as lifelong friends who both joined the "military wing" of Hamas in the Second Intifada, then took on command roles in different parts of the group. Ghubn later became a police colonel and was appointed head of the Kerem Shalom crossing. Image
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Ghubn was killed in a December 2023 airstrike, while Hadidi was killed in November 2025 alongside the head of Patient Affairs at Shifa Hospital, Khalil Amr al-Serry.
Read 5 tweets
Feb 10
Major find by @MiddleEastBuka -- identifying Ibrahim Zaanin as the terrorist who murdered Sapir Bilmes (24) and Karin Vernikov (22) outside Kibbutz Alumim on October 7. Zaanin was killed in an airstrike yesterday in Gaza City (details below).
More obituary posters of Zaanin: Image
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Read 4 tweets
Feb 9
Today's strike on an apartment in the al-Nasr neighborhood of west Gaza City killed at least two militants from Hamas' Beit Hanoun Battalion: Ibrahim Farid Shaaban Zaanin and Ahmed Kamal Swailam, who are described as "heroic mujahideen". 🧵 Image
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Ibrahim Zaanin is described repeatedly as a mujahid and a "hunter of vehicles", making it likely he was part of an RPG/anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) team. Image
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Ahmed Swailam is described as a Qassam commander in the elite Nukhba force and as a sniper, referencing the locally made "Ghoul" rifle. Some channels uploaded combat footage allegedly of Swailam fighting in Beit Hanoun last year. Image

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Read 6 tweets
Feb 8
This claim, which is about a new Hamas-run Ministry of Social Development program is untrue on multiple levels -- on figures, characterization, and comparison with the Hamas-run Gaza Health Ministry's death toll. Short 🧵 to explain:
Last week, the Hamas-run Ministry of Social Development (MOSD) announced a program ("We are your support") to provide NIS 500 (~$160) to widows of Gazans killed in the war. Funding for this program is allegedly money confiscated from merchants for "criminal" activities post-ceasefire.Image
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The MOSD did not specify that the person killed had to be a militant, though anti-Hamas local outlets like Jusoor News (L) implied that most recipients would be widows of combatants. Other groups, such as the disabled, are also supposed to eventually receive payments (C,R). Image
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Read 10 tweets

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