Phil Magness Profile picture
Jun 7 14 tweets 5 min read Read on X
If a historian on the right abused evidence in this way, they'd face career ruination.

When Boston University's Quinn Slobodian does it, he gets a Guggenheim fellowship, book awards, and a Hewlett Foundation grant.

Academia's rot runs far deeper than a simple crisis of rigor. Image
Slobodian does this sort of thing frequently in his published works - almost always to make the person he is misquoting appear to be sympathetic to racism. Image
Here's another where he excerpts out the very next sentence in the passage...because it completely contradicts his own claim. Image
Here's another where he tries to depict Mises as having written "admiringly" about the Roman fasces - better known today as a symbol of fascism.

The full passage reveals the exact opposite. Image
From another of Slobodian's books. He takes a quote condemning the abuse of black South Africans by the white minority's use of laws to keep itself in the Apartheid government's majority, and manipulates its text through quote-editing into a defense of white South Africans. Image
Another example I found in Slobodian's latest book "Hayek's Bastards," where he splices unrelated passages to try to portray Mises as having certain sympathies with Nazi race science. The real passage shows Mises disavowing Nazi race science as nonsensical. Image
These are not one-off errors or cases of sloppiness. It's a pattern of intentional quote editing, with examples like this from Slobodian's books and articles, crossing almost a decade of his scholarship.

Academia rewards him for it because it reinforces left wing politics.
Academia has peer review to catch this sort of thing. In 2018 Slobodian got caught by a referee for the journal Contemporary European History.

The report dinged him for "quoting out of context, partial reading of the relevant material, and ascribing views to other's that they did not hold."
I discovered several of the passages in the thread above after publication, but I then learned that the referee had dinged Slobodian on the same pattern of misquotation.

The referee urged rejection of the piece on these grounds...and was overruled by the journal's editor. Image
I learned of this in 2020 after I attempted to submit a correction to CEH calling attention to Slobodian's quote-editing. The editors would have none of it and dismissed my efforts.

When I published them online, the referee from 2018 saw it & shared the exact same experience.
We both submitted ethics complaints to the journal documenting how its editor had ignored their own referee, and how they refused to correct unambiguous misquotations.

The journal did a sham "internal investigation" that never contacted either of us, and sided with Slobodian.
But the kicker is what happened in the middle of the discovery of this incident.

Slobodian himself was named as the new co-editor of Contemporary European History, the very same journal where he committed several of these quote-editing exercises.

So there's academic rot for you Image
Side note: from the above, I also see that Harvard gave Slobodian an award named for the late Thomas McCraw.

I knew McCraw. He was the reader on my dissertation committee. We corresponded until he died in 2012. He would be appalled at Slobodian's abuses of historical evidence.
Side note 2: here's an online copy of the paper I submitted to Contemporary European History to correct Slobodian's misquotations and to challenge his thesis...after Slobodian himself urged me to do so in a now-deleted X thread. I preserved an account of what happened below.

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…Image

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More from @PhilWMagness

Jun 18
Far-left historians today often exaggerate the importance of slavery to capitalism by tracing cotton's derivative products globally.

That said, there is one 19th century figure who directly benefitted from slave-produced cotton: Karl Marx.

For most of his adult life, Marx relied on handouts from his friend Friedrich Engels for his main source of income. From the 1840s-1869 Marx send Engels a non-stop stream of requests for money, which Engels usually obliged. After 1869, Engels sold his business partnership and began giving Marx a regular yearly allowance from the proceeds that more or less lasted until his death in 1883.

Engels's business, in turn, was a large textile mill in Manchester operated by his father's firm Ermen and Engels. And what did that mill make? Yarns and fabrics out of slave-produced cotton, which it sourced from the American south.

We know this because, in 1862, Engels wrote a letter to Marx about the American Civil War in which he reported that cotton from the south had dried up because of the blockade. Other business records indicate that Ermen and Engels got their cotton from shipments through Liverpool, which in the 1840s-1861 meant southern plantation cotton imports from the United States. Indeed, southern cotton would have been the raw material that sustained the majority of Engels' working career since he retired only 4 years after the end of the Civil War and the abolition of slavery in the United States. His firm likely also got cotton from other sources such as Egypt during the Civil War, but for most of his multi-decade career there, the cotton would have been slave-produced.

That means Engels very much made his family fortune as a derivative beneficiary of American slavery. And he used that slave-derived fortune to directly subsidize Karl Marx ;-)Image
Marx also knew where his patron's money was ultimately coming from, because Engels would write him detailed letters about the cotton markets in America - letters that were informed by his own business stake as a cotton textile mill manager. Image
We also know that Engels himself had no problem with his slave-produced inputs. In 1852 he wrote Marx, reporting that he had just pitched his father on relocating to Liverpool...

...where he would serve as the cotton procurement agent for the factory. Image
Read 6 tweets
Jun 7
I pick on Slobodian in the thread below as an egregious and recurring offender. But this sort of quote-editing by leftist scholars is *extremely* common in academia.

Here's another by Nancy MacLean & Sandy Darity where they transform an attack on Apartheid into a defense of it. Image
MacLean et all published the manipulated quote above (along with several other similar manipulations) in an article for the Australian journal "History of Economics Review" in 2023. Image
In 2023 trio of us wrote a response comment calling attention to MacLean et al's blatant misrepresentations & sent it to the journal as a request for correction.

We encountered the same pattern of a politically partisan editor running interference to protect MacLean.
Read 10 tweets
May 28
🧵We all saw Gabriel Zucman's NYT op-ed justifying the California wealth tax proposal, along with ostentatious claims that billionaires pay lower tax rates than average Americans. Let's dig into the methodology... Image
Zucman & his coauthor Emmanuel Saez have been making this claim in various forms for years and presenting it as "fact," even though they have struggled to gain scholarly acceptance of their approach. Instead, they do "peer review" by sending their stuff to the NYT editorial page
I first caught this pair in 2019 when the rolled out "new" stats claiming that the ultra-wealthy only paid an overall tax rate (federal/state/local) of a little over 20%.

In reality, the wealthiest Americans pay about 41% - a fact admitted in Zucman's own stats from 2018. Image
Read 17 tweets
May 21
In 2018 Zucman published a paper in a top econ journal that inadvertently revealed the total federal/state/local tax rate of the top 0.001% was ~40%.

A year later, he realized this undermined his wealth tax. So he fudged the stats to fit his politics.

Image
Details and receipts here, including how I caught Zucman initially trying to hide the old stats off his website.

philmagness.com/2019/10/someth…
And here is a longer academic journal article I wrote about this episode, including digging into what Zucman altered to put his thumb on the statistical scale. independent.org/wp-content/upl…
Read 5 tweets
May 12
🧵The Trump admin's defense of Section 122 tariffs has a huge legal obstacle that almost nobody has noticed thus far.

It comes from an obscure provision of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. I'll explain below.
Let's start with Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974. This is the provision that Trump used to reinstate a 10% across the board tariff after SCOTUS struck down his IEEPA tariffs in February.

The US Court of International Trade ruled against Trump on Thursday. He has appealed.
At issue with Section 122 is the meaning of "Balance of Payments deficits," which must exist before the president can impose tariffs through this law.

Historically, a BoP deficit meant a drawdown on the country's official monetary reserves under the Bretton Woods exchange system
Read 12 tweets
Apr 25
1. There are very few libertarian/classical liberal hubs in academia.

2. Those that exist are under a barrage of Nancy MacLean-style attacks from the far left.

3. Pecknold has never experienced that, nor has he done anything to move the campus needle rightward in his own career Image
I speak on this from experience, btw. I was in the trenches fighting the AAUP, the Unkoch mvmt, MacLean etc. for a decade.

Also, I assembled the original version of the faculty ideology chart Pecknold shared above as part of my research on higher ed bias. I published it in my book w Jason Brennan, and in several subsequent journal articles and popular outlets.

Pecknold was AWOL from that fight and a complete nonentity in the scholarly debate around it.Image
Among my many battles with the academic left over the years:

- I was one of the first to expose statistical malfeasance in Thomas Piketty's "Capital in the 21st Century," the bible of the Occupy Wall Street movement

- I caught Piketty's co-author Gabriel Zucman red-handed in manipulating tax statistics to advance false claims about the wealthy paying lower tax rates than the poor, and likely cost him a job at Harvard as a result

- I caught Harvard's Naomi Oreskes peddling false data claims political ideology in the national media to downplay the leftwing bias on the faculty

- I demolished Duke professor Nancy MacLean's "Democracy in Chains," the National Book Award-finalist that was the centerpiece of the academic left's crusade to purge free market economics from campus in the late 2010s.

- I was one of the first people to call attention to the failure of Neil Ferguson's Imperial College model during Covid, showing that its predictions about Sweden in the absence of lockdowns were not coming true

- I discovered a basic math error in one of the most heavily cited pro-mask modeling studies during Covid, completely undermining its claims. I published that revelation in the Wall Street Journal

- I discovered and broke the story about the now-infamous FOIA'd "devastating takedown" email order from Francis Collins to Anthony Fauci during Covid

- I dismantled the economic sections of the New York Times's 1619 Project, and broke the story about how the newspaper made ghost-edits to Nikole Hannah Jones's claims on the American Revolution by altering their text on their website

- I caught star left wing Princeton historian Kevin Kruse engaging in plagiarism in his dissertation and several of his other academic works

- I helped to expose Claudine Gay at Harvard for plagiarism, both as one of the only experts who was willing to go on record in the early days of the story after Chris Rufo and Aaron Sibarium simultaneously broke the news, and then by found more examples of it myself in Gay's other academic papers

And those are just a few of the major ones, going back over a decade.
Read 9 tweets

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