From Ounjougou to Amekni and Tessalit, tracing the origin of ancient West African agriculture
10th millennium BCE - 4th Millennium BCE
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Since the African paleolithic (200,000 -100,000 ka) plants had been collected and used for food, medicinal purposes, anti pest control, as well as bedding, etc.

Ancient Nigerians in Nsukka started smelting iron some time between 2631 - 2458 BCE, long before the arrival of Nok people

The dufuna canoe, Nok canoe art and Atlantic seashell terracotta may be evidence of Nok long distance trade with iron metallurgists, down the Niger River "Some very early iron dates include 1895–1370 BCE at Tchire Ouma 147 in the Termit Massif region of Niger; 2631–2458 BCE at Lejja in Nsukka region, Nigeria"
- Foreman Bandama

The Saharo-Sudanese industry, ancestors of Niger-Congo speakers constructed stone foundations to huts and stone enclosures 10,000 years ago, corralling Barbary sheep in caves during the green Sahara. This taming took place 2,000 years before the spread of pastoralism. Dr. Jitka Soukupova speaking of the stone architecture of the green Sahara

Saharo-Sudanese culture in Morocco and the ivory trade with ancient Iberia, during the Late Holocene, 4th-2nd Millennium BCE
(THREAD)
The oldest grass seed collection in the world was found in ancient South East Africa, dating back 100,000 years, long pre-dating some of the first signs of early Saharan farming in Mali and Takarkori, Libya.
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…

Diy-Gid-Biy/DGB stone ruins in the Mandara Mountains of northern Cameroon, were built between the 13th - 16th Century AD

Oral tradition, similar style stone architecture and pottery from the modern Chadic speakers of Gwoza hills, Nigeria links them to the builders of DGB sites "archaeological considerations place the period of creation and use of the Diy-gid-biy between the 13th and 16th centuries . AD."
- Dr. Jean-Marie Datouang

The Gangara Stone Ruins believed to be post neolithic, pre Islamic architecture

Built by Wangara/Soninke people called "Gangara" by medieval Arabs during the Ghana empire. The ceramics discovered are said to be similar to one's still being made by moden Black Mauritanians. "Al-Bakrî mentions the Gangara as a group of Blacks in the neighborhood of the Senhaja town of Banklabîn.........Gangara, or Guangara, on the other hand, corresponds phonetically better to our group, whom al-Bakrî characterizes as black non-Muslims"
- Andreas W. Massing

Contrary to popular belief, some ancient African Women were hunters and were depicted on green Saharan rock art 9000 years ago. Not all of these hunters who migrated south adopted pastoralism, some of them only picked up agriculture in the Sahel like the Nok Culture. Female hunters in round head rock art from the green Sahara :

"Although they are less numerous than male figures, a certain importance of women in the spiritual life of this hunting society is evident."
- Dr. Jitka Soukopova

According to archeologists Martin Sterry and David Mattingly, ancient Garamantes were ethnically diverse people. Originally consisting of earlier dark skin pastoralist who intermixed with late arrival Berber pastoralists, as well as Africans south of the Sahara
"presence of individuals with features that are typically Sub-Saharan alongside individuals with features more typical of the overall al-Ajal sample is an interesting reflection on the possibilities of Garamantian social structures"
- Ronika K Power

"When we look across the different regions that we sampled from, and when we looked at the African-Americans from Columbia, South Carolina, there was close affinity with the Grain Coast populations, the Mandinka from Senegal, the Mende and Temne"

- Dr. Rick Kittles

https://twitter.com/AfricanWorldH/status/1560723933686636544

"PCA of Gullah and non‐Gullah African Americans........... African ancestral reference populations (YRI samples from Nigeria, Mandenka from Senegal, and Sierra Leone samples) illustrates the Gullah's closeness to Sierra Leone populations and the Mandenka"

- Dr. Kip D. Zimmerman

Time Line of Ancient Western Saharan And West African Architecture

(THREAD)

From the oldest prehistoric villages to the birth of African civilization.
The worlds oldest proto village is Affad 23 in Sudan, wooden settlement
structures dating back 50,000 years, small stone walls from the green Sahara date back 10,000 - 9000 years ago and may have influenced later West African civilizations.

Oral Tradition and Archeological Evidence For the Mande origin of the Ancient Tichitt Civilization
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"During this final phase the Dhar Tichitt-Walata counts 90 villages built...before settling again and forming the kingdom of Ghana"

- Professor Augustin Holl



"Neolithic sites there are attributed by the present nomadic population of the country to the Gangara, who were probably ancestors of the Soninke. Indeed, Azer, a Soninke dialect, is still spoken in Walata, Nema, Tichitt, and even in Shingit"

- Professor George E Brooks

Ancient Kingdoms Built On The Cliffs, Caves and Mountains of Africa

3rd Millennium BCE - 3rd Century BCE
(THREAD)
Pre historic Cave dwellers are often viewed as primitive, but archeology discovered the opposite. The first signs of abstract thought, fur clothing, pillows used for burials, bows & arrows and the oldest proto writing were all found in African caves dating back 120 - 60,000 years

When most people think of ancient history, their mind usualy goes to the Romans or the Hebrews of biblical scripture but the Ancient West African Tichitt Civilization of Mauritania and Mali is older than both the Romans and the Hebrews. Beginning 2200 BCE



"Southern Mauritania have revealed a wealth of rather spectacular stone masonry villages which were occupied by prehistoric cultivators.... It is argued that the inhabitants of these villages were Negro and very probably Soninke"
- Professor Patrick J. Munson

The Ancient Tichitt Civilization of Mauritania and Mali 2200 BCE
THREAD

Founded by the Mande people, the stone architecture and rock art of Tichitt resembles the work of older Black pastoralist cultures that studied atronomy in the neolithic green Sahara
"the site of Dakhlet el Atrous in the Dhar Tichitt region...This site is characterized by 540 stone-walled compounds organized into 26 clusters, possibly lineage compounds made up of multiple family units"

- Professor J. Cameron Monroe

In 1595 an anonymous Spaniard living in Morocco wrote about how the Kanem empire acquired guns from Turkish soldiers. He mentions that this empire boarders a Kingdom of Black Christians converted by the Portuguese, referring to the Kongo.

https://twitter.com/AfricanWorldH/status/1546274227610869764

Quote from: "Relation de la Jornada que El Rey Marruecos he hecho a la conquista del reyno de Gago" by an anonymous Spaniard, 1595

Ruth B. Fisher, a British missionary wrote about the pre colonial African science and surgery of Uganda in 1911 :

"Vaccination for small-pox was known long before European influence reached them, as people were inoculated with the lymph taken from the arm of an affected person" "knowledge of surgery....Possessing no surgical implements, they operated clumsily but often successfully with their ordinary septic belt knives"

- Twilight tales of the Black Baganda, Ruth B. Fisher, 1911

"If there had not been an Nkrumah and his followers in Ghana, Ghana would still be a British colony"
- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr "Ghana has something to say to us. It says to us first, that the oppressor never voluntarily gives freedom to the oppressed. You have to work for it"
- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr

Look at how narratives about Africa are purposely angled in a certain way to down play the oppression of African people, there were traitors among the Jews in Nazi Germany and traitors among Native American tribes and no one would dare minimalize their experiences. Purposely misleading narratives about the trans Atlantic slave trade conveniently ignore African Kingdoms like the Nri of Nigeria that never sold slaves or King Amador who lead a Maroon rebellion on the African island of São Tomé & Príncipe against the Portuguese in 1595.

The 108,000 Year Old Bouchra Skull From Morocco, The Oldest Human Remains of A Child Ever Found

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Archaeologist Harold Dibble from the University of Pennsylvania, discovered the remains of the six year old child in a Moroccan cave. The child was named "Bouchra" which is Arabic for good news.

The Call For Black Unity In 1832
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Maria W. Stewart addressed the "Afric-American Female Intelligence Society of Boston" in 1832, speaking about the disunity she had observed among her people and how Europeans have mocked Black people for their traitors. "It appears to me that there are no people under the heavens so unkind and so unfeeling toward their own as are the descendants of fallen Africa" - Delivered before the Afric-American Female Intelligence Society of Boston, to 1832

Asante Traditional Buildings In Ghana
Architecture from the Asante Empire
Late 1600's AD - 1900 AD



"Arranged around courtyards, the buildings are constructed of timber, bamboo and mud plaster and originally had thatched roofs. The unique decorative bas-reliefs that adorn the walls are bold and depict a wide variety of motifs" - UNESCO World Heritage Convention