The Gujars are a pastoralist tribe indigenous to the Pahari hills of West Punjab.

Between the 4th-7th century they joined the Alkhan Huns in their invasion of India, with the resulting migration and conquests stamping the Gujar name across the region.🧵 Per the 1931 Census,the Gujars were split about equally between Muslims and Hindus.

Muslim Gujars were traditionally concentrated in the Pahari hills and adjoining plains of Punjab, while Hindu Gujars were traditionally found in the western Gangetic basin.

The concept of Arab supremacy was introduced into Islam by contradictory Sahih Hadith.

Some do not distinguish between Arabs and non-Arabs “except by piety”, while others assign perpetual authority to the Quraysh tribe, warning God will punish those who don’t submit. Such sentiments were the product of sectarian disputes in the Umayyad period rather than Prophetic decree, yet credulous traditionalists like Ibn Taymiyyah allowed Arab supremacy to work its way into their scholarship.

Leaked Indian government memo highlights:

Internally, India does not justify its targetting of diaspora Sikhs on the basis of terrorism concerns, but instead cites "defaming India" and "challenging our global interests."



India has tried to formally pressure Western governments to censure Sikh activists and orgs, "but they keep using human rights and freedom of speech as pretexts, asserting that these organizations have not committed any crime within their territories".

South Asia Ancestry Map

Updated with additional populations and more accurate admixture estimates. Ancestral Indian refers to Indian Hunter Gatherers, reference used is an AASI simulation based on Pulliyars (found on Genoplot).

East Asian references include Oroqen, Tibetan, and Murut populations.

Thread on Pakistan as a consumer rather than producer of Islam.

Professor Murad notes “The spiritual heart and scholarly origin of (elite Hanafi) Indian Islam is not in the Subcontinent, but in Central Asia… it was not indigenously evolved, but brought in from Central Asia” This partly stems from the attitude of certain Indo-Muslim elite, who believed Indians should be kept low and taught only the essentials of Islam, as scholarship and administration belonged to foreign Muslims and their descendants.

Excerpt from 14th century writer Ziaudin Barani

Indigenous Muslim Dynasties of the Indian Subcontinent 🧵 Muzaffarid: Rajput Muslims who established the Gujarat Sultanate, founded Ahmedabad (largest city in Gujarat), sacked Somnath, conquered much of Rajasthan and Malwa, and allied with the Ottomans to fight the Portuguese. Their dynasty was extinguished by the Mughals

Indian Twitter seems to believe that East Asians (particularly Chinese people) are short.

A 2020 Lancet study found that most East Asian countries (especially China) were taller than Indians. Looking at the height of medical students in Haryana, which would exclude Indians from shorter ethnic and economic backgrounds, the figure improves, but is still shorter than the average Chinese.

The difference between Pakistan and India is illustrated by the contrasting stature of their government officials.

India selects nerds who are capable of running a modern country, Pakistan selects tribal chiefs who can wrestle a small Buffalo to the ground. Note how the Pakistani official can physically impose himself over his Indian counterpart.

But the Indian official can marshal his economy to ensure his country will win every war.

Fascinated by the bird-hat aesthetic of the Sindhi Mohana tribe. The Mohana are a major tribe in lower-Sindh, traditionally subsisting as fishermen and bird keepers.

Thread on the Kamboh (alternatively Kamboj) who are a prominent Punjabi tribe currently split between the modern states of Pakistan and India. The Kamboh are the original inhabitants of the Kabul river valley, where they formed the Kamboja Republic during the Vedic period. Traditional Indian texts describe them as a Mleccha (non-Hindu) tribe on the Indian frontier.

Ancestry of individuals from Al Andalus, Islamic Spain. Constructed using G25 via Genoplot. Al Andalus samples come from ancient southeast Iberians, dated from the 11th-14th century.

Iberian reference come from pre-Islamic southeast (6th century) and northeast (7th century) Iberia.

Muslim Twitter is up in arms about the content of a popular Islamic podcast geared towards Muslim girls in the Western diaspora. Episode 13 in particular is generating a lot of controversy for “celebrating degeneracy”, so I gave it a listen. Its pretty bad. Thread below. The episode centers around Sabryna, a Muslim girl who describes how she hooked up with a classmate during high school. The boy is described by Sabryna as someone she “had a crush on” and thought “it wouldn’t be too bad to date”.

Dialects of Punjabi Majhi is considered the standard prestige dialect of Punjabi, and contains some vocabulary from Hindustani not found in neighboring Punjabi dialects.

Major tribes include Sandhu, Randhawa, Kahlon, Cheema, Bajwa, Guhman, Warraich, Khokhar, Bhatti, Sulehria, and Arain.

South Asia Ancestry Map “Ancestral Indian” represents the original inhabitants of India, who preceded both the Indus Valley Civilization and the Aryan Invasion. It was derived by subtracting East Asian ancestry from an Andamese Islander reference.

Chinese scholar Xuanzang visited Sindh in the early 7th century, 80 years before the Arabs arrived, and only a few years before the rise of the Chach Dynasty.

Below is his account of Upper Sindh (Aror), Lower Sindh (Thatta), and Lasbela, during the last days of the Rai Dynasty. In Upper Sindh the people are described as “hard and impulsive, but honest and upright”. They “have faith in the law of Buddha”, with several hundred Buddhist temples noted, in comparison to only 30 Hindu temples. The KIng is described as a low-caste Shudra who reveres Buddhism.

Something amusing I've noticed about Hindutva influencers is their propensity to post clumsily lightened photos of themselves to appear less Indian

Anshul Saxena Levanya Vemsani

Mapping the Zamindars of Mughal Punjab (1595) by tribe/caste, courtesy of Zahoor Ali Khan. Starting with Jats: Next are some West Punjabi tribes, in order, the Janjua, Joiya, Manhas, Kharal, and Awan.

The Indus Valley Civilization appears to have been somewhat diverse genetically. Note that some individuals can be modelled as purely Indian and Iranian Hunter-Gatherers (HG), while others show signs of Caucasian HG ancestry. On average, the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) can be represented as the following population admixture:

Interesting narrative on the Mahanubhava sect founded by Chakradhar, which was a Hindu reformist movement advocating against Vedic authority, Caste division, Untouchability, and Sanskrit primacy. This movement gained traction in the Yadava kingdom, causing great resentment from the Brahmins and other elites, who in retaliation murdered Chakradhar.

Thinking about writing a piece on how much of the vitriol seen from Hindu Nationalists stems from racial self hatred rooted in Hindu texts, and exacerbated by Muslim and British conquest. The colonial period where the light skinned Muslims and Sikhs of the Indus Valley were valorized by the British at the expense of the brown Hindus of India further worsened the inferiority complex.