The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in tissues and its association with long COVID symptoms: a cross-sectional cohort study in China -Viral RNA was distributed across ten different types of solid tissues, liver, kidney, stomach, intestine, brain, blood vessel, thelancet.com/journals/lanin… lung, breast, skin, thyroid, subgenomic RNA was detected in (43%) of 61 solid tissue samples tested for subgenomic RNA that also tested positive for viral RNA. At 2 months after infection, viral RNA was detected in plasma of (33%), granulocytes of one (11%),

SARSCoV2 Mitochondrial Metabolic and Epigenomic Reprogramming in COVID19; SARSCoV2 strongly inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) result in⬆️mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production. ⬆️mROS stabilizes HIF-1α; sciencedirect.com/science/articl… redirects carbon molecules from mitochondrial oxidation thro glycolysis & pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to provide substrates for viral biogenesis. mROS induces the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which activates innate immunity.

Viral persistence in children infected with SARSCoV2: current evidence and future research strategies: Lancet Microbe:LC who underwent surgery for other reasons 175d & 426d after initial infection had e/o SARSCoV-l2 RNA in breast, appendix, skin. thelancet.com/journals/lanmi… plasma of with or without LC & uninfected controls, show persistence of viral protein in LC concomitant immunological perturbations,proinflammatory & pro-fibrotic cytokines. Viral persistence detected in immunocompromised, persistent virus replicate, evolve, generate new variants

Immune Responses in Discharged COVID19 Patients With/ Without Long COVID Symptoms; 2 groups: LC & CP group. Both groups underwent virus-specific immunological analyses,enzyme-linked immunosorbent,IFN-γ-enzyme-linked immune absorbent, intracellular cytokine academic.oup.com/ofid/article/1… 12mth after infection, 98.5% were seropositive & 93.3% had detectable SARSCoV2-specific mTcells. LC had signif⬆️levels of (RBD)– (IgG) levels, as OD450 values, than CP controls (0.40 vs 0.37 P = .022); magnitude of SARSCoV2-specific Tcell responses didn’t differ signif btw grps

Kidney damage asso with COVID19: from acute to chronic phase; most common form of glomerular injury is collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), strongly asso with apolipoprotein L1(APOL-1) risk variants; acute lesions, are secondary to direct or indirect effects, tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10… progress to chronicity; specific to long COVID-19 in absence of any other cause. Residual inflammation asso with SARS-CoV-2 infection, add to (AKI) as transitional state with or without severe histological lesions,responsible for greater kidney funct⬇️in mild-to-moderate COVID19

SARSCoV2 infects neurons, induces neuroinflammation in a non-human primate model of COVID-19: SARSCoV-2 is found in olfactory brain areas at 7d post infection;
Neurons are initially primary target of SARSCoV2 productive infection;
cell.com/cell-reports/f… Neurocovid is accompanied by robust neuroinflammation & vascular disruption;
SARSCoV2 brain pathology is worsened by aging & diabetes in infected

COVID-19 Asso CVS Disease;Risks, Prevention, Management: Heart at Risk Due to COVID19; SARSCoV2 belongs to Sarbecovirus lineage of β-CoVs; SARS-CoV-2 shares 79.5% of sequence identity with virus SARSCoV. transmissibility of initial SARSCo2 variant, mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/3… Alpha (B.1.1.7), is estimated to be 10x faster than of SARSCoV virus, result in rapid spread.
SARSCoV2 virus continued to mutate, producing new disease variants character by diff in spike glycoprotein; VOC -beta, delta, recently, omicron strains. omicron variant & subvariants

Long Covid and Impaired Cognition — More Evidence and More Work to Do: Modest cognitive decline occurred with original virus & with each viral variant, B.1.1.529 (omicron). As compared with uninfected (control), nejm.org/doi/full/10.10… cognitive deficit — commensurate with 3-point loss in IQ — evident even in who had had mild Covid19 with resolved symptoms. with unresolved persistent symptoms had equivalent of a 6-point loss in IQ; those admitted to ICU had equivalent of a 9-point loss in IQ.

Insights into attention and memory difficulties in post-COVID syndrome using standardized neuropsychological tests, experimental cognitive tasks; neuropsychological assessment, post-COVID show signif worse performance wrt normative sample on multiple tests nature.com/articles/s4159… assessing attention and executive functions (TMT-B, Stroop, PASAT, MFPT), and naming abilities; average z scores 1 SD lower wrt normative sample on TMT-B and naming tests; Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) show⬆️incidence of subjective memory complaints:

Myopericarditis following COVID19 vac & non-COVID19 vac:systematic review meta-analysis: Lancet Respiratory Medicine; overall incidence of myopericarditis from 22 studies (405 272 721 vac doses) was 33·3 cases/million vac doses, thelancet.com/journals/lanre… did not differ signif btw COVID19 vac (18·2, 11 studies [395 361 933 doses]) & non-COVID19 vac (56·0, 11 studies [9 910 788 doses], p=0·20). Compared with COVID19 vac, incidence of myopericarditis was signif⬆️following smallpox vac (132·1, p<0·0001)

Conventional dendritic cell 2 links the genetic causal association from allergic asthma to COVID19: negative causal correlation from AA to COVID19 hospitalization (OR = 0.968, P = 0.031). correlation was bridged thro white cell count, journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/articles/10.11… DCs) as most discriminative immunocytes in AA & COVID19. Among 5 DC subtypes, only conventional dendritic cell 2 (cDC2) exhibited differential expression between AA/COVID19 and controls (P < 0.05), energy metabolism, intercellular communication, cellular stemness,

Conversion of monoclonal IgG to dimeric and secretory IgA restores neutralizing ability & prevents infection of Omicron lineages. mAb IgA for direct admin to mucosal surface; dimerization of IgA, thro⬆️avidity, signif⬆️potency of broadly nAbs, pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pn… converting IgG to dimeric & secretory forms of IgA restores neutrz ability against Omicron variants. intranasal dimeric IgA Ab DXP-604 gv prophylactic & therapeutic against Omicron BA.5; nasal spray of dimeric or secretory IgA Abs effective block viral infectn,⬆️ mucosal immunity

Behavioral factors & SARSCoV2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica: estimated household secondary attack rate is 34%. Mask wearing by index case is asso with household transmission risk⬇️by 67% (aOR= 0.33) & nature.com/articles/s4385… not sharing bedroom with index case is associated with⬇️reduction of household transmission by 78% (aOR = 0.22). The estimated distribution of household secondary attack rates is highly heterogeneous across index cases, 30% of index cases being source for 80% of secondary cases

T4 apoptosis in acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection predicts long COVID: peripheral blood mononuclear cells, inflammatory/ anti-inflammatory cytokines; chemokines, Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines, endothelium activation markers, T4, T8, NK differentiation, frontiersin.org/articles/10.33… activation, exhaustion and senescence, T cell apoptosis, monocyte subpopulations. compared these markers between participants who devel LC or not one year later.
None of these markers was predictive for sequelae, except programmed T4 cell death.

SARSCoV2 infection is asso with anti-desmoglein 2 autoantibody detection | Clinical Experimental Immunology | Oxford Academic. desmosomal protein levels & presence of anti-desmoglein (DSG) 1, 2, 3 Abs in acute & CP with COVID19 of diff clinical severity academic.oup.com/cei/article/21… ⬆️levels of DSG2 protein in sera from acute COVID19. DSG2 autoantibody levels are signif⬆️ in CP following severe COVID19 but not in hospitalized recovering from influenza infection or healthy controls. Levels of autoantibody in sera with severe COVID19 were comparable to

Long COVID:major findings, mech,recom; > 200 symptoms impact multiple organ systems. > 65 million worldwide estim LC,pathophysiological changes, risk factors: myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome nature.com/articles/s4157… incidence is estimated at 10–30% of non-hospitalized, 50–70% of hospitalized, 10–12% of vac. Long COVID is asso with all ages & acute phase disease severities, with highest % of diagnoses btw ages of 36 & 50 years, most long COVID cases are in non-hospitalized mild acute illness

Analysis of SARSCoV2 transmission in airports based on real human close contact behaviors; data, > 44 h of close contact behaviors, interpersonal distance, relative facial orientation, relative position of individuals, analyzed; close contact transmission, sciencedirect.com/science/articl… average close contact ratio in 9 airport's areas is 25.4 % (range 6.1 % to 55.0 %), with passengers having highest frequency of close contact in manual check-in areas. During close contacts, average interpersonal distance in airports is 1.2 m

COVID19 results in acute⬆️of serum markers of brain injury, more in abnormal (GCS) score
sera from 1–11d post adm with COVID19 of varying severity; proxy for neurological dysfunction; GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein, marker of astrocyte injury)
nature.com/articles/s4146… UCH-L1 (marker of neuronal cell body injury), NfL (neurofilament light); Tau (both markers of axonal & dendritic injury), serum levels of NfL, GFAP, total-Tau (tTau) were signif⬆️in COVID compared to uninfected healthy controls. abnormal GCS scores had⬆️levels of NfL & UCH-L1

Persistent immune imprinting after XBB.1.5 COVID vac; XBB.1.5 booster elicits nAbs responses against current variants that dominate by recall of pre-existing mBcells previously induced by Wuhan-Hu-1 spike. biorxiv.org/content/10.110… immune imprinting persists even after multiple exposures to Omicron spikes through vaccination and infection, including post XBB.1.5 spike booster mRNA vacci

Predicted risk of heart failure pandemic due to persistent SARSCoV2 infection;
Hypoxic stress to persistent infection model led to cardiac dysfunction;
ACE2 & SARSCoV2 S protein expression⬆️after hypoxic stress;
predict “heart failure pandemic” COVID19 era sciencedirect.com/science/articl… cardiac microtissues (CMTs). Mild infections sustained viral presence without significant dysfunction for a month, indicating persistent infection, when exposed to hypoxic conditions mimicking ischemic heart diseases, cardiac function deteriorated wth intracellular SARSCoV2

SARSCoV2 infection triggers pro-atherogenic inflammatory responses in h coronary vessels; CoV2 viral RNA is detectable, replicates in coronary lesions from severe COVID19. CoV2 targeted plaque macrophages, exhib stronger tropism for arterial lesions than nature.com/articles/s4416… adjacent perivascular fat,~ with macrophage infiltration. CoV2 entry was⬆️in cholesterol-loaded primary macrophages; dependent,on neuropilin-1. SARSCoV2 induced robust inflam resp in macrophages & atherosclerotic vascular secretion of cytokines to trigger cardiovascular events.