Senior Maritime Pilot | Master Mariner | Master's degree Nautical Science | Forensic Medicine | Glassblower |
2/x P&I Club stands for Protection & Indemnity Club.
2/x With an LOA (Length Over All) of 458.45m (1504ft), the Seawise Giant was the longest self-propelled ship in the world. She was an oil tanker, built in 1979 by Sumitomo Heavy Industries in Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. Fully laden, its displacement was 657,019 tonnes. 
2/x The largest PCTC to be launched is the new Glovis Leader, which was floated out at the end of January. It will have a capacity of 10,500 CEU (Car Equivalent Units). Wallenius Wilhelmsen is working on a class that will have a 11,700ceu capacity. 
2/x (i.e., the ship filling up along its entire length no matter where the damage occurs). The subdivision is done using transverse watertight bulkheads, or simply "bulkheads." So how many watertight bulkheads does a given ship actually need? 
2/x The SS Richard Montgomery was one of over 2,700 Liberty ships mass-produced by the US during WW II to support the Allies. Her keel was laid down on March 15, 1943, and the ship was launched on June 15, 1943 by the St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company in Jacksonville, Florida 
2/x A position is defined by latitude (LAT), longitude (LON), and altitude (H), but we can ignore the last one since we're at sea level. We can find LAT very easily with a sextant observation of the sun or... 
2/x A magnetic compass points to the Compass North (Nc), not to magnetic north (Nm). Sometimes Nc = Nm, but on a steel ship that's not the case. Also, the magnetic north does not coincide with geographic north (true north - Nt) 
2/x Precise positioning on keel and side blocks is essential to avoid damage or capsizing. Keel blocks are positioned with extreme care. Ships have numerous underwater openings: echo sounders, speed logs, tank drain plugs, sea chests, valves, propeller shaft bearings, etc. 
2/x By the mid-16th century, European seafaring had changed radically. Voyages were now long and transoceanic. Navigation relied on:
2/x A barrel or "bbl" is the unit we use when trading crude oil. How big is a bbl, and how did we get there? A bbl is 159 liters or 42 US gallons. It originated in the mid-19th century in the oil fields of Pennsylvania, US. They had to transport the oil in something. 
2/x First of all... what's the difference between a tsunami and a rogue wave? A tsunami originates because of a geological event: underwater earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or rarely meteor impact, displacing huge volumes of water. 
2/x Indeed, it doesn't happen very often that a tanker actually explodes. The last major explosion (not a fire, but an explosion) was the tanker SS Sansinena in 1976. This ship (246m) exploded in Los Angeles after discharging its cargo of 90,000 m³ Indonesian Light Crude. 
2/x Ships operate in seawater, a highly corrosive electrolyte (conductor) that accelerates rusting of steel hulls through electrochemical corrosion. It's like an unwanted battery effect. Different parts of a ship’s metal structure have slightly different electrical potentials.
2/x Let's start with an image we are familiar with: the traditional rudder like we see on photos from Titanic era ships. Titanic's rudder was massive at 78ft (23.7m) tall and weighing 101 tons. But it is what we call an UNBALANCED rudder. 
2/x The ship will receive a cargo plan, stowage plan or bay-plan with all the positions of the containers. Stowage plans are like blueprints for designing the placement of containers. Without proper stowage plans, ships risk instability, cargo losses, and delays 