Senior Maritime Pilot | Master Mariner | Master's degree Nautical Science | Forensic Medicine | Glassblower |
2/x Those two terms stem from UNCLOS 1958 and UNCLOS 1982. If you want a history of how UNCLOS came to be, check the link below:
2/x After WW1, the Armistice of Mudros (October 30, 1918 ended hostilities between Ottoman Turkey and the Allies. The Mudros document's 25 articles gave the Allied Powers the right to use the Dardanelles and Istanbul Straits freely and occupy fortifications on their shores. 
2/x The big difference is, of course, that the Canal is man-made and not a natural strait. It is also located entirely within Egyptian territory. It is fully subject to Egyptian sovereignty and jurisdiction, just like any other part of Egyptian land or inland waters. 
2/x In the tanker market (crude oil, refined products, and other liquid bulk), voyage charters (also called spot charters) dominate. On a voyage charter, vessels are hired to carry cargo from a load port(s) to a discharge port(s) at an agreed freight rate.
2/x This was the case with the Torrey Canyon where the US Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 said"...the owner's liability shall not "exceed the amount or value of the interest of such owner in such vessel after the incident, and her freight then pending." 
2/x Fourteen anchored in the wide Great Bitter Lake, while the American SS Observer was isolated in Lake Timsah. These ships from eight nations would remain stranded for eight years, coated in desert sand and known as the Yellow Fleet. 
2/x What is a TSS, and where do we find them? First, it should be said that TSS are only used in high-traffic areas. Elsewhere, the navigator is free to plan his route, taking into account fuel, time, weather, obstacles, hazards, etc.
2/x The allies were in a panic and sought desperate measures to protect those convoys. In desperation, Churchill conceived one far-fetched remedy, taking massive icebergs and smoothing them over to make landing strips in the North Atlantic to provide air cover for convoys. 
2/x P&I Club stands for Protection & Indemnity Club.
2/x With an LOA (Length Over All) of 458.45m (1504ft), the Seawise Giant was the longest self-propelled ship in the world. She was an oil tanker, built in 1979 by Sumitomo Heavy Industries in Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. Fully laden, its displacement was 657,019 tonnes. 
2/x The largest PCTC to be launched is the new Glovis Leader, which was floated out at the end of January. It will have a capacity of 10,500 CEU (Car Equivalent Units). Wallenius Wilhelmsen is working on a class that will have a 11,700ceu capacity. 
2/x (i.e., the ship filling up along its entire length no matter where the damage occurs). The subdivision is done using transverse watertight bulkheads, or simply "bulkheads." So how many watertight bulkheads does a given ship actually need? 
2/x The SS Richard Montgomery was one of over 2,700 Liberty ships mass-produced by the US during WW II to support the Allies. Her keel was laid down on March 15, 1943, and the ship was launched on June 15, 1943 by the St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company in Jacksonville, Florida 
2/x A position is defined by latitude (LAT), longitude (LON), and altitude (H), but we can ignore the last one since we're at sea level. We can find LAT very easily with a sextant observation of the sun or... 
2/x A magnetic compass points to the Compass North (Nc), not to magnetic north (Nm). Sometimes Nc = Nm, but on a steel ship that's not the case. Also, the magnetic north does not coincide with geographic north (true north - Nt) 
2/x Precise positioning on keel and side blocks is essential to avoid damage or capsizing. Keel blocks are positioned with extreme care. Ships have numerous underwater openings: echo sounders, speed logs, tank drain plugs, sea chests, valves, propeller shaft bearings, etc. 