Bart 🌊⚓️ Profile picture
Senior Maritime Pilot | Master Mariner | Master's degree Nautical Science | Forensic Medicine | Glassblower |
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Jan 14 • 15 tweets • 6 min read
1/x A rusting pile of junk... How can we prevent, or at least limit, a ship from rusting away in salt water? Well... paint would be your first answer... but then we have to talk about the HUMAN sacrifice.. ok, ok, not a human sacrifice, but an ANODE sacrifice... Image 2/x Ships operate in seawater, a highly corrosive electrolyte (conductor) that accelerates rusting of steel hulls through electrochemical corrosion. It's like an unwanted battery effect. Different parts of a ship’s metal structure have slightly different electrical potentials.
Jan 13 • 20 tweets • 7 min read
1/x OK, we all know (I guess) that a ship can turn by moving a rudder. But is a rudder, a rudder, a rudder? No... There are different types of rudders and, especially as a maritime pilot, we always want to know what kind of rudder is fitted to a vessel. A small đź§µ Image 2/x Let's start with an image we are familiar with: the traditional rudder like we see on photos from Titanic era ships. Titanic's rudder was massive at 78ft (23.7m) tall and weighing 101 tons. But it is what we call an UNBALANCED rudder. Image
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Jan 12 • 9 tweets • 5 min read
1/x How do the find the right container on board these large containerships? "OK, John, we need the green one" is not going to work.. so instead we use the BRT system (Bay-Row-Tier) Image
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2/x The ship will receive a cargo plan, stowage plan or bay-plan with all the positions of the containers. Stowage plans are like blueprints for designing the placement of containers. Without proper stowage plans, ships risk instability, cargo losses, and delays Image
Jan 7 • 20 tweets • 6 min read
1/x With all the shadow fleet ships around and especially now with the thriller of the Pursuit of MT Bella 1 / Marinera, I see some confusion with regards to "flag state/nationality" and "register". What is the difference? #shadowfleet #Venezuela Image 2/x The flag of a ship refers to its flag state: the country whose flag it flies and which exercises jurisdiction over it under international law (UNCLOS). This determines regulatory oversight, safety standards, and crew conditions. Image
Jan 2 • 24 tweets • 7 min read
1/x So when you're driving on the road, you have to adhere to certain traffic regulations. Do we have the same for ships? We sure do. They're called the COLREGs short for Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea Image 2/x These Rules apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. BUT... each country still can make special rules for harbors, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas.
Jan 2 • 17 tweets • 6 min read
1/x So what can the number on a shipping container tell us? We call this whole sequence the BIC Code (Bureau International des Containers). The BIC code has been adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1972. Image 2/x They publish the ISO 6346 Freight containers — Coding, identification and marking Standard. So what is this BIC code? Image
Jan 1 • 25 tweets • 8 min read
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Let's dive into maritime zones. Back in the day, territorial waters were just 3 nautical miles out, based on the "cannon shot" rule: as far as you could fire from shore. Made sense in the 1700s, right? Image 2/x Cornelius van Bijnkershoek, the Dutch jurist who formalized the cannon shot rule in his 1702 book "De Dominio Maris" based this on the principle that: A state’s sovereignty over the sea extends only as far as it can effectively control and defend it. Image
Dec 28, 2025 • 15 tweets • 6 min read
1/x On 14 August 2020, the Gulf Livestock 1 departed from Napier, New Zealand, bound for Port of Jingtang in Tangshan, China. She was carrying a cargo of 5,867 live dairy cows destined for breeding and dairy production. A journey of roughly 3,000–4,000 nautical miles Image 2/x Originally launched in Germany in 2002 as a container ship named Maersk Waterford, she was later converted into a livestock carrier in 2015 and finally renamed Gulf Livestock 1 in 2019. Image
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Nov 19, 2025 • 27 tweets • 11 min read
1/x OK, I'm going to explain a little bit what exactly happened and what caused the allision between the MV Dali and the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore on March 26, 2024. A đź§µ Image 2/x Dali was propelled by a single, slow-speed, 55,626-hp (41,480-kW) diesel engine. The engine was directly connected to a single, right-turning propeller. The engine was also fitted with alarms and automatic shutdown features to prevent damage to the ... Image
Nov 15, 2025 • 18 tweets • 5 min read
1/x Aahh. Wait until the NSR (Northern Sea Route) opens up and the Russian economy will boom and show the west... Maybe not so fast though.. Image 2/x The NSR will be used by 2 types of traffic: Destination shipping and transit. The former, for example, entails oil extraction in the Barents Sea. Ships will load there and then transport the cargo via the NSR to Asia.
Aug 6, 2025 • 18 tweets • 7 min read
1/x Since the season for North West Passages has just begun for the year, I wrote a little 🧵about the NWP. When we talk about the NWP we automatically think of the Roald Amundsen expedition 1903–06 on board the Gjøa Image 2/x While his achievement ranks as one of the key milestones in the exploration of the Arctic, the discovery of a passage for commercial shipping, the original motive for finding the NWP, was still out of reach.
Aug 5, 2025 • 15 tweets • 6 min read
1/x Evergreen, in a statement, said that the ship “suddenly experienced severe rolling.” They also mentioned the Tsunami. Although it might contribute a little bit, I'm more included to believe this might be a case of PRM - Parametric Rolling. A small 🧵 maritime-executive.com/article/evergr… 2/x Ok, this will be a little bit of a "geek" post about PRM, so beware...
Aug 2, 2025 • 18 tweets • 6 min read
1/x On 15th April 2014, the South Korea Sewol ferry carrying 476 people which included 325 high school students on a school trip, capsized and claimed the lives of over 300 passengers including the vast majority of students. A đź§µ Image 2/x Sewol was a 146m Ro-Pax ferry, originally built in Japan (1994) and later modified in South Korea. Her refit added cabins and cargo capacity but raised her center of gravity dangerously. Stability tests were not properly enforced post-modification. Image
Jul 28, 2025 • 8 tweets • 3 min read
1/x Im' just looking at it from a "maritime law" viewpoint. Israel is given the right to board this vessel in (international) waters on a platter by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition. I advise the FFC to read UNCLOS article 92 and article 110 by the time they send out another vessel Image 2/x Looking at all the flags on the vessel, the status of this vessel will be regarded as "ship without nationality" as per UNCLOS 92 par. 2 Image
Jul 15, 2025 • 25 tweets • 10 min read
1/x So I've explained General Average in the York-Antwerp Rules in a previous thread, but how exactly is salvage governed? Do you become rich when you salvage a ship? Image 2/x Salvage law governs the rights and compensation when a ship, its cargo, or the marine environment is saved from danger at sea. It’s a voluntary, successful rescue that rewards effort but does not transfer ownership of what is saved. (you don't own the ship you salvage) Image
Jul 10, 2025 • 26 tweets • 7 min read
1/x I had another "maritime law" thread in the pipeline, so here goes: The HAGUE-VISBY RULES. When goods are lost or damaged at sea, who pays the price? The answer often lies in a treaty from 1968: the HVR. Still used worldwide, they shape how cargo liability works in shipping. 2/x
The Hague-Visby Rules are an international convention regulating the carriage of goods by sea. They set minimum obligations for shipowners (carriers) and define when they’re liable (and not liable) for loss or damage to cargo.
Jul 10, 2025 • 20 tweets • 6 min read
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Can attacking a merchant ship justify going to war?
Throughout history, states have used such incidents as casus belli. Here's how that’s played out from the Age of Sail to the modern UN era. 🧵 Image 2/x
In the 18th century, Britain went to war with Spain over the mutilation of a British (Welsh) merchant captain.
Captain Robert Jenkins had his ear cut off by Spanish coastguards.
The 1739 War of Jenkins’ Ear followed. Image
Jul 9, 2025 • 28 tweets • 8 min read
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In 2021, the Ever Given blocked the Suez Canal, holding up $9 billion in trade per day. When it was finally refloated, the shipowner did something curious: they declared General Average. What does that mean—and why should thousands of cargo owners care? Image 2/x
General Average is one of maritime law’s oldest principles. It says that when cargo is voluntarily sacrificed to save a ship during an emergency, everyone shares the loss—not just the unlucky owner of the jettisoned cargo.
Jul 4, 2025 • 10 tweets • 2 min read
1/x NTSB Issues Preliminary Report on Mexican Navy Tall Ship Collision with Brooklyn Bridge. At the time of departure, both a sea pilot and a docking pilot were aboard the vessel, positioned with the ship’s captain on the open conning deck. Image 2/x The vessel’s six mooring lines were let go about 2016. About 2019, the 2,800-hp twin screw tugboat Charles D. McAllister assisted the Cuauhtémoc off the pier. The docking pilot gave astern commands to the captain on the conning deck, which were acknowledged by the captain,
Jul 2, 2025 • 25 tweets • 8 min read
1/x The BBC World Service has obtained a previously unreported VDR transcript of what may be a series of conversations between the master of the burned-out XPress Pearl and shoreside managers. The Xpress Pearl disaster is believed to be the largest plastic spill in history. Image 2/x It provides new details of the crew's attempts to respond to a leaking container of nitric acid, and the Russian master's growing frustration with the lack of a solution. Here is the link to the podcast bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3…
Jun 24, 2025 • 18 tweets • 7 min read
1/x How do we know if our (gyro)compass is still working correctly? If we are sailing under the coast or on a river, we can check this via leading lights, but on the open sea there is only water Image
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2/x Then we have the celestial bodies. For our example, I am going to use the sun and simulate a calculation, without using a calculator. For the flat earthers among my followers: please stop now, because you are about to get triggered.