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An ideal whose time has come again...
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Nov 30 12 tweets 3 min read
One of the unsung heroes of the third Crusade was a priest who dove from the battlements of the Jaffa into the sea and swam to Richard the Lionheart’s galley with a cry for help.🧵 Image Richard had been in Acre making preparations to return to England to deal with the urgent business there (traitors trying to take his kingdom). The Crusade was over, he thought, a brilliant but doomed campaign which he planned to return to after taking back his own kingdom. Image
Oct 21 16 tweets 4 min read
A pattern you recognize when reading history is that we can count on being outnumbered. The enemy is so often legion.

One of the greatest mechanisms for maximizing this numerical superiority was the janissary program of the Ottoman Turks. 🧵 Image This thread will get dark, but a note of hope emerges at the end (as always).

Turkish for “new soldier,” janissaries were elite infantrymen unleashed against the enemies of the Ottomans, like the Christian people of the Balkans.
Oct 15 11 tweets 3 min read
Just how dark were the Dark Ages?
Were they hopelessly backwards and barbaric—as we've been led to believe—or were they a time of surprising innovation?🧵 Image To clarify, I’m talking about the actual Dark Ages, from about the Fall of the Western Roman Empire to the 11th century, or so. I am not talking about the Middle Ages, which are sometimes called "dark" but which obviously weren’t dark. Image
Sep 12 11 tweets 3 min read
On September 12, 1683, one of the greatest cavalry charges in history took place at Kahlenberg Hill, overlooking Vienna, where Jan III Sobieski and his winged hussars saved Christendom from disaster. 🧵 Image Just a few days back, the Viennese fired distress rockets into the night sky to let any friends who might be out there know that they needed help—now or never. The city had been under siege for almost two months by the Ottoman Turks. Image
Sep 11 8 tweets 2 min read
A lesson to taken from the legend of the dragon of Silene is that when men fail to confront the evil before them the price will be their children's blood. Another lesson is that one brave man can change everything. 🧵 Image Long before St George's arrival on the scene, the city of Silene had been terrorized by a dragon with "envenoming" breath. The townspeople went with weapons to meet him. "And when they saw him," the Golden Legend says, "they fled."
Aug 31 12 tweets 4 min read
On August 31, 1217, Fernando III—one of the greatest men nobody's ever heard of—was crowned King of Castile.

He was eighteen years old and would spend his illustrious reign reclaiming more land from the Moors than any other king of the Reconquista. 🧵 Image Fernando never lost a battle against the Moors. He took Cazorla, Úbeda, Niebla, Murcia, Cartagena, Jaén, and more. He took Cordoba and reclaimed the bells of Santiago. He took the jewel of Al-Andalus, Sevilla, after an impossible siege.
Aug 28 7 tweets 2 min read
“Be the bigger man” has become a weaponized piece of advice. Sometimes it might serve you well, sometimes not.

There’s a scene from Excalibur in which Arthur vanquishes Sir Uriens in battle and then extends great magnanimity toward him.

He hands Uriens his sword and asks to be knighted by him.

This is a good deed, but not because there exists some universal dictum about always “being the bigger man.”
Aug 23 14 tweets 4 min read
LotR is a meditation on the virtue of hope. Next time you read it notice how many times the author uses that word.

For JRRT, hope is not about a “positive attitude” or sunny optimism, but more about simply staying in the fight—because things might turn your way. 🧵 In one of the most important lines in the books, Gandalf offers insight into this virtue by highlighting its opposite: “Despair,” he says, “is only for those who see the end beyond all doubt. We do not.”

As long as you don't know how things will end, you'd better fight on. Image
Jul 31 28 tweets 6 min read
The Arthurian saga is a meditation on the virtue of loyalty.🧵 Image Of course the rest of the knightly virtues are embodied in these adventures, but loyalty is a special concern—the possibilities that arise when loyalty is the law, and the disasters that follow when betrayal creeps in. Kingdoms are at stake.
Jul 28 13 tweets 3 min read
George Castriot Scanderbeg—
His story might as well have been written by a novelist rather than a historian—almost too wild to be believed. I've only just begun Barleti's book and it's already one of the most harrowing things I've ever read.🧵 Image The legend of Scanderbeg is set in motion when he, youngest son of an Albanian nobleman, is taken by the Ottomans at age eight, indoctrinated into Ottoman ways, forced to convert to Islam, subjected to all sorts of Ottoman horrors.
Jul 10 17 tweets 4 min read
St Louis wouldn't leave his men behind—
A 🧵 on a king's loyalty Image Loyalty has a curious standing in a time like ours. We’ve been trained to see it mostly as a one-way street: something to be given by soldiers to commanders, by employees to executives, and so on.
Jul 5 18 tweets 5 min read
The Guild Recommends: Excalibur (1981)—

A couple questions struck me while watching this movie: Why do so few Arthurian adaptations work? Why does Excalibur stand out above all the rest? 🧵 Image In my lifetime there have been three major attempts to bring the Arthurian saga to the big screen: 1995’s First Knight (starring Sean Connery as Arthur), 2004’s King Arthur (Clive Owen), and 2017’s King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (Charlie Hunnam).
Jul 3 7 tweets 2 min read
How a real king does things—
Time to revisit one of my favorite heroic episodes from the Third Crusade. Deeds like this are why they call him the Lionheart. 🧵 Image After Crusader victories at Acre and Arsuf, the Saracens withdrew to Jerusalem and contented themselves with harassing their enemy’s foraging parties. In one instance, Western knights and squires found themselves trapped and badly outnumbered.
Jun 26 16 tweets 3 min read
The Song of the Cid is the national epic of Spain—the story of an exiled knight going out into the wilds of medieval Iberia with a small band of loyal followers, triumphing again and again over much larger Moorish armies, and making himself a legend.🧵 Image Backstory: El Cid arrives at a key moment in the Reconquista—a man "born at a fortunate hour.”

For many years the Christians had been slowly gaining back territory lost to the Moors in 711.
Jun 22 12 tweets 3 min read
The transactionalist mind cannot comprehend this—

Of the misconceptions about the Crusades, one of the most telling involves the risk-reward calculations of those who went. 🧵 Image Calculative people tend to assume that only a lucrative prize at the end could justify the dangers of a 2000-mile armed pilgrimage through hostile territory, culminating in violent battle. Otherwise, why would so many take up the Cross?
Jun 20 13 tweets 4 min read
I'm a huge fan of this audio production of The Song of Roland. People should of course read Roland; it is plenty enjoyable that way. But always remember that it's a song, meant to be experienced as a performance... 🧵 Image This is a full cast production. A few of the minor parts are clearly read by amateurs, but that hardly diminishes the overall effect. Charlemagne, Ganelon, and Roland are excellent. And the narrator goes next-level as the drama unfolds and the battle approaches. Image
Jun 15 8 tweets 2 min read
Was thinking about the consequences of making boys read books like this instead of The Iliad and The Song of Roland. It set me back many years. Image Whether post-war regime literature is good for young ladies is a different convo. But for boys, it’s a good way to bore them to death and convince them that books are not for them.

I only discovered much later that I actually liked books.
Jun 10 22 tweets 5 min read
Chivalry in the words of a famous knight—
Three main theses from Charny's manual 🧵 Image In the words of one historian, Geoffroi de Charny (1306-1356) comes “as close to the genuine voice of knighthood as we are likely to get.”

Near the end of his life Charny wrote a manual on chivalry, intended to be the guiding document for a new order of French knights. Image
Jun 6 6 tweets 3 min read
Mansfield's Manliness has bangers—
A short 🧵

The attraction of manly men:
"We are attracted to the manly man because he imparts some of his confidence to everyone else. He not only knows what justice requires, but he acts on his knowledge, making and executing the decision that the rest of us tremble even to define. He knows what he is doing, himself, but in a large sense he represents human competence to all of us. He is a manly man asserting the worth of man the human being … In asserting his own worth, he makes us feel worthy too. While admiring him, we come to admire ourselves, since we have someone or something to look up to."Image Commerce and Manliness:
"Commerce is unmanly because it is materialistic, willing to settle for gain rather than victory, for trade-offs rather than justice. The commercial life rejects sacrifice and rests on calculation of advantage. The most famous defense of manly chivalry is an attack on modern calculation. Edmund Burke laments over the imprisonment of Marie Antoinette during the French Revolution, that no one was man enough to avenge her."
May 30 7 tweets 3 min read
May 30th is the Feast Day of one of the greatest men ever to pick up a sword: Fernando III of Castile and León (1199-1252).
- Undefeated warrior who took back more territory from the Moors during the Reconquista than anyone else
- Named Athleta Christi by the Pope (sharing that honor with Skanderbeg and Hunyadi)
- Nicknamed "El Santo," later canonized by the Church
- Model king and lawgiver
- Father of the Spanish navy
- Descendant of El Cid, cousin of St Louis, ancestor of Isabella

The puzzling thing is that such a great man is so little known. I didn't learn of him until a couple years ago. Really gets one wondering why medieval heroes get buried in obscurity.

Saint Fernando, pray for us!Image On El Santo's relationship with his father:
May 29 25 tweets 5 min read
“Sarcasm,” Thomas Carlyle wrote, “I now see to be, in general, the language of the devil for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it.”

What did he mean by this?🧵 Image These words will puzzle many who think sarcasm is the ultimate expression of cleverness. They might conclude he’s attacking cheek, wit, banter, teasing, comic relief, gallows humor—all of which are good and make life colorful and worth living.