All ancient foreign travelers in this🧵

Learn in one place; PYQs based notes😉

Bookmark to revise later🔖 1. Marco Polo

• Italian merchant in Kakatiya & Pandya Kingdom

• Describes economic conditions of then south India

• Emphasized on Motupalli port of Kakatiyas

8 Qs of #UPSC Pre23 directly from Mrunal Sir's notes😮

Open this tweet for higher score in Pre24🧵👇🏼 1. Investment Infrastructure Trusts (InvIT)

Rich-aadmi games explained in @Mrunal_Patel style

2. Sterilization

Found a complete flowchart in sir's pillars! :)

6 terms in news in Current Affairs for #UPSC Pre24

• Semaglutide
• Connectome
• PQ3 Protocol
• Azadirachtin content
• Shockley Queisser Limit
• Personal intelligence (Pi)

Revise these all in this 2 minutes thread 🧵 1. PQ3 protocol

• Post Quantum Cryptographic protocol for iMessage

• Protects communication against decryptions

• First messaging protocol to reach 3rd level security

It's best in current system!

#Katchatheevu is back in national news!

What's special about this island?🤔

Why is PM Modi is looking at it now?🧐

Learn everything about it here👇🏼🧵 1. Where's Katchatheevu?

• 285 acres island in Palk Strait b/w 🇮🇳🇱🇰

• 33km from 🇮🇳, 62km from 🇱🇰 (Jaffna)

• No source of freshwater and thus inhabitable

• St. Anthony's Church = only structure on the island

This church sees 2500 pilgrimages from India annually

Yatrigan Kursi ki peti baandh lijiye

Bharat is going for elections 2024...

..Model Code of Conduct is now in place!

MCC = Rules of fighting elections. Learn all🧵👇🏼 This thread will teach you:

• What's MCC?
• Legal implications
• ECI declaration of 2024 LS
• DOs & DONTs for Parties & Govt.

#UPSC

CAA is now notified!

Multiple angles:

• What's CAA?
• Legal Challenge in SC
• Supreme Court Stance
• Global repercussions 🫡

Learn to the point truth, no myths🧵👇🏼 1. In simpler words,

It grants citizenship to migrants of following communities from 3 countries: 🇧🇩🇵🇰🇦🇫

• Jain
• Sikh
• Parsi
• Hindu
• Buddhist
• Christian

*They must have entered India before 31/12/2014

**Exempted areas: Tribal regions of AS, MG, MZ, TR + ILP

President Putin spoke in detail on several topics

Learn from my notes to save your time😄

All important things in JUST 10 tweets🧵 Note: All of these are words from the President of Russia based on the interview

I am merely sharing my notes here from the interview

In now way do they reflect my view point

Let's dive into this chat now!

'White Paper' in the parliament today!

What's it? What does this white paper say?

I made notes from it so that you don't have to!🧵

Educate yourself here👇🏼 White Paper

It is a doc breaking down complex issue...

..presented by the governments, businesses etc.

• No particular guidelines on when/how to issue one

• Purely discretion of govt. to issue one as it deems fit

• Opposition can demand its presentation

• Can also be presented by state govt. in assembly

Interestingly, Modi Govt. has presented 2 white papers in 10 years;

a) First on condition of Railway in 2014
b) Second on state of Economy during UPA Feb 2024

What does this white paper spill?👇🏼

"Ayodhya toh jhaanki hai,
Kashi Mathura baaki hai"

Kya hai Kashi-Mathura ka issue?

What makes Places of Worship Act ineffective?

Socha Kabhi?🤔

Learn everything here🧵👇🏼 In this post, you will learn:

• Kashi & Mathura Case details
• Relevance of Places of Worship Act

Save this post & read till last to learn..

..why PoW Act is not applicable in these 2 cases!

Note: Both mosques stand next to temples

"Yaar interim budget me schemes kya hai?"

Major focuses

• Blue Economy
• Rooftop Solarization
• Oil Seeds Revolution
• Deep tech in Defense
• Cervical Cancer Vaccine

A summary🧵👇🏼 1. Blue Economy

• 95% (volume) of 🇮🇳 int'l trade by sea
• 20 cr dependent on sea for livelihood
• Climate Change impacts this sector the most

For sustainable use of 'blue' resources,

a) PM Matsya Sampada Yojana
b) Aquaparks

a) PMMSY

The scheme gets a boost to

• enhance aquaculture productivity
• 55 lac employment opportunities
• 2x exports to ₹1,00,000 crore

b) Aquaparks

An Aquapark is multipurpose seaweed park to study diverse seaweed species

These species absorb nutrients & CO2,

reduce acidification & thus improve water quality

5 such parks to be setup

#Budget2024 summary with graphics

Don't stress yourself with extravagant sources,

this🧵is enough!😀💪🏻

Source: Govt. released summary This thread covers🧵

• Viksit Bharat by 2047
• People Centric Inclusive Development measures
• Focus Areas
• Strategy for Amrit Kaal
• Other major highlights👇🏼

7 PYQs that UPSC repeated from 1996-2005 in 2019-2023🤯

This🧵will raise your MCQ Aptitude for #UPSCPrelims2024

Bookmark & read every tweet twice!🔖🧐 1. Right to Property

I am not saying anything, let the images speak for themselves! :)

"Ram Mandir is Nagara Style Temple"

But did you know?🤔

There are further 5 types of Nagara style!

• Latina
• Valabhi
• Bhumija
• Shekhari
• Phamsana

Images of all here to develop visual memory 🧵👇🏼 Valabhi & Phamsana: early Nagara style!

a) Valabhi

• A barrel roofed structure alike Buddhist Chaityas
• May or may not have the aisles
• eg: Jageshwar Mandir, Uttarakhand

b) Phamsana

• Multi Wave towers
• eg: Jagamohan (Mandapa) of Konark Sun Temple

c) Latina

• Single slightly covered Shikhar
• Shikhar with 4 sides of equal length
• eg: Shri Jagannath Mandir, Odisha & Sun temple, Madkhera (MP)

Then come Bhumija & Shekhari

The two are considered Composite Latinas 👇🏻

Pre-Independence Constitutional Development | Trick

'In August, Cripps went to Shimla with Cabinet till June 3'

• August Offer '40
• Cripps Mission '42 March
• Shimla Conf/Wavell Plan '45
• Cabinet Mission '46
• 3rd June Plan '47

Revise w/ detailed flowcharts🧵👇🏼 1. August Offer 1940

Viceroy Linlithgow saw an August that made an offer! Details?🤔👇🏼

One Nation 🇮🇳, One ______🤔

20 One Nation keywords for #UPSC🧵

Bookmark before you lose it in scrolling🔖 1. One Nation One Flag 🇮🇳

• Keyword seen in context of 370 removal
• Now used to settle talks w/ Naga groups

2. One Nation One Election🗳️

• Norm in India till 1967
• PM Modi mooted the idea to strike debate

3. One Nation One Uniform👮

• Offers high quality product to Indian police
• Establishes common identity to Indian police

4. One Nation One Law⚖️

• UCC debate u/A 44
• Revamped CrPC & IPC in news

5. One Nation One Tax 💵

• Think of GST
• Go back to 301-305 Articles of Indian constitution

I shared 16 high values maps in 2023🗺️

Compiling all 16 in this thread for #UPSC🧵

8th is my personal fav & 16th is homework for you!😉 1. Major Peaks of India
2. Important Glacier of India
3. Major passes of India
4. Plateau of India

Details of 15 tribes in news in 2023

Important for #UPSCPrelims2024 🧵

(Appreciate my consistent efforts with a Like❤️on this tweet) 1. Hatti

• Tribals from Himachal Pradesh
• In news: Protesting to implement tribal status

15 Scheduled Tribes #UPSC asked in Prelims PYQs

Open this thread to find the PYQs & learn about these 15 for #UPSCPrelims2024 🧵 • Bhutia and Lepcha: Indigenous tribes of Sikkim

• Gond and Korku: Melghat tiger reserve

• Irula and Toda: Tribals of Niligiris of TN

• Sahariya (RJ): Tribals from MP, one of most backward in RJ

• Agariya (GJ): A salt making tribe of Kutch

PYQ2014 Question👇🏼

Indian Express came up with 12 great maps in 2023

Compiling all 12 in this thread for #UPSC 🧵

6th is my fav, which one is yours? 😉 1. Biosphere Reserves
2. National Parks
3. Elephant Reserves
4. Tiger Reserves

With 370 gone, India is officially

Indestructible union of destructible states

in both letter & spirit as envisioned by Dr. Ambedkar

All about #UPSC since 370 abrogation🧵👇🏼 In simpler words,

370 gave undeclared 'internal sovereignty' to JnK

This is against spirit of 'Ek Desh, Ek Pradhan, Ek Vidhan'

CJI Chandrachud discarded it today

What changed post 370 abrogation?👇🏼

8 unconventional examples for your GS2 Diaspora Answers from

• Politics
• Hollywood
• Tech Business
• Cultural Soft power

#UPSC #UPSCMains
a) Politics

1. Vivek Ramaswamy

• An Indian-American businessman turned politician
• Youngest ever candidate seeking Republican Presidency nomination
• His story is an inspiration fitting right for quoting in answers