1/5 - Thanks to @Mangan150 for sharing this historic article demonstrating that urinary ketones may be useful in the treatment of UTI.
Interestingly, this research found that urea does not have significant antibacterial activity, in contrast to a more 'recent' 1968 study.

https://twitter.com/Mangan150/status/999056736337051648

2/5 - Given I am seeing more and more patients with symptoms of chronic UTIs non responsive to standard antibiotic regimens, it would be good to know which factor is most important - ketones or urea. Specific dietary recommendations could then be provided for either.

UTI's are often undiagnosed - patients (usually female) with symptoms of UTI's are often dismissed because they have normal urine cultures.
One study found urine culture missed 67% of all known urinary pathogens. Furthermore, even identified pathogens are commonly discounted if the bacterial count is <100,000 bugs per millilitre, which might simply happen if you are well hydrated (or the bugs are very effective at clinging to the wall of the bladder - which many are).

1/6 - Dupilumab is approved to treat severe eczema $$$(~$22,800 AUD/year) and works by blocking the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13.

These cytokines have been implicated in various autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and have been shown to be elevated by cow's milk. 2/6 -This may be why the meat and dairy consuming Masai have been found to have high rates of RA (if wondering about raw dairy, consider the Masai consume milk from the cow).
I suspect many patients prescribed this drug will not be first recommended a trial of dairy elimination.

HbA1c can rise despite a lowering of blood glucose.
This can occur when blood cells live longer, meaning they are in contact with glucose for longer.
Reticulocytes indicate RBC lifespan.
When haemoglobin is stable, lower reticulocytes indicate a longer RBC lifespan.
1/4 Reticulocytes are 'new' red blood cells. When RBC numbers are stable, few new red blood cells demonstrates a longer lifespan.
Use of a continuous glucose monitor can provide further reassurance that glycaemic control has not deteriorated.
2/4

Don't think that fruit is natures candy.....you'll find this study interesting.
80 subjects were randomised to ≥4 or <2 servings fruits/day.
After 6 months, the fruit rich group was fatter, had more liver fat, more liver damage, higher blood sugar and more insulin resistance. Those on the fruit rich diet gained on average 7.0kg over the 6 month period, while those on the reduced fruit diet lost 6.5kg.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35710164/

Both statins and aluminum have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuropathy.

The association between aluminium exposure and neurological disorders has been known since at least the 1970’s. A 1976 study with found dialysis patients who died with dementia symptoms had brain aluminium levels 10x's greater than controls.

Papers published In 1978 described how kidney patients on dialysis developed dementia when the aluminium in local water supplies was increased.

The WHI study provides a clear challenge to the lipid hypothesis - those with a history of CVD randomised to reduced fat diets had an increased risk of dying (while also using more statins). I challenge those who promote low fat diets and the use of statins to explain this. Those with normal blood pressure had no statistical difference in mortality - they did however record a reduced risk of non fat heart attack on the low fat diet. This was offset by increased risk of stroke, which MAY more adversely impact on quality of life.

Ever been told no RCT's show any harm of replacing saturated fats with seed oils. Three large RCT's have found exactly this. Their findings were misrepresented to the public.
1) Sydney Diet Heart Study
2) Minnesota Coronary Survey
3) Women's Health Initiative Sydney Diet Heart study (1966-73). Replaced saturated with polyunsaturated fat post heart attack. Data published 40 years after completion following investigation by Chris Ramsden - displacing saturated fat in the diet with polyunsaturated fats led to a 62% increase in mortality.

Hey @kevinnbass, you've now had time to review my book chapter. Given you appear to still be of the opinion that saturated fats are bad, it's now time for you to put up your evidence...and explain why the papers I referenced are wrong.
@FatEmperor @SBakerMD @KenDBerryMD @DaveKeto @kevinnbass, as a subject matter expert who is clearly confident in his own opinion, you have probably already read the papers I cited - shouldn't be too onerous for you to critique.