Reliance’s stock commands a ₹19 lakh crore market cap.

But to buy the entire business, you’d need ₹21.6 lakh cr.

On paper, its worth is just ₹8.4 lakh cr.

Three numbers. Three very different meanings.

Here’s what every investor should know. A🧵 What is Market Value?

It tells you what the stock market thinks a company is worth today.

For example:

Reliance’s share price on 24th July is ₹1,403

It has issued 1,353 crore shares

So Market Value = ₹1,403 × 1,353 = ~₹19 lakh crore

Birla & Adani rule India's cement industry.

Now, another big business group is planning to make its mark in this competitive sector.

JSW will soon launch a ₹3,600 cr IPO for its cement arm.

It wants to increase capacity & strengthen the balance sheet.

Should you apply? A🧵 We will cover 5 key aspects in this analysis:

- Business Model of JSW Cement
- Financials
- Competitor Analysis & Valuation
- Key IPO details
- Strengths and challenges

Let’s start.

SEBI just proposed sweeping changes to mutual funds.

These will make mutual funds easier to understand and safer to invest in.

Here are the 8 big changes that could redefine mutual funds as we know them.🧵👇 Over time, mutual funds have gotten a little crowded.

Funds with different names often ended up doing the same thing. And for the average investor, navigating this landscape is a nightmare.

SEBI noticed and is now stepping in to fix it.

Here’s what it proposes to change.👇

Small-cap funds have been investors’ favourite.

But each scheme has a distinct style.

Nippon Small Cap: Diversified Portfolio + downside protection

Bandhan Small Cap: Bull-run performer + high cash calls

Which one suits you the best? We analysed them all.

A🧵 We analysed every small-cap fund across 6 key dimensions:

-Allocation to small-cap stocks

-Frequency of buying and selling

-Portfolio diversification

-Cash exposure

-Bull market performance

-Performance during tough times

Here’s what we found.👇

Elon Musk doesn’t take a salary. He doesn’t sell stock when he needs cash.

He borrows against his assets to let his wealth compound.

This isn’t just a billionaire playbook.

Even retail investors can do something similar with mutual funds. A 🧵 People often look to redeem their mutual fund investments when they need money for emergencies, big-ticket purchases, or to settle short-term liabilities.

But this could be one of the costliest financial decisions you’ll ever make.

Why? 👇

Mutual fund SIPs are often seen as the perfect investing tool.

But simplicity doesn’t always translate to complete understanding.

In a conversation with ET Money, @KalpenParekh of @dspmf shares key insights on mutual funds and investing that many investors overlook.

A 🧵 1. There’s always a bull market, either in NAV or in units.

Most people celebrate rising NAVs.

But there’s another kind of bull market investors overlook. One where you accumulate more units when NAVs fall.

₹4,843 crore: These are the profits Jane Street allegedly made by quietly rigging the Indian markets, per SEBI.

Jane Street resorted to sophisticated methods of manipulation and rigging.

They made a profit of ₹36,502 in little over two years.

Here’s what happened. 🧵 First, let’s understand index options.

Think of it like a game of luck.

You bet ₹2 that Bank Nifty will cross 49,000 by 3:30 PM on Thursday.

If Bank Nifty ends at 49,001, you hit a jackpot. If it ends at 48,999, you lose the entire ₹2.

Just one point can flip your fortune.

Everyone likes Warren Buffett, but only a few apply his teachings.

He believed time rewards great businesses and punishes the weak.

So we built a Buffett-style filter and tested it on Indian stocks.

The result might surprise you. A 🧵 Buffett categorises businesses into Great and Gruesome.

One builds wealth over decades. The other burns capital endlessly.

Understanding the difference is crucial to achieving long-term investment success.

A company barely made ₹42 cr in core profits. But it still reported ₹351 cr in net profit.

That’s an 8x jump. What’s going on?

This Zomato (Eternal) case teaches a crucial investing lesson:

Investors need to look at net profits and EBITDA differently.

Let’s break it down🧵 EBITDA = Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation & Amortisation.

It tells you how much a company earns from its core operations.

What are core operations?

These are business activities that generate revenues.

For Zomato, that includes food delivery, groceries, and more.

Silver recently crossed the ₹1 lakh mark in India.

Is the rally over? Or are we just getting started?

We analysed 7 key drivers of silver prices to find out.

Let’s dive in. A 🧵 1. Supply & Demand

Like any commodity, silver’s price is shaped by the forces of supply & demand.

Its supply comes from mining and recycling.

However, its demand is far more diverse, including jewellery, coins and industrial applications like electronics and solar panels.

You bought a stock as its profits were rising.

But even after strong earnings, the stock price crashed.

What went wrong? The answer wasn’t in the income statement.

It was hiding in the cash flow statement.

Here’s a breakdown of how to read it the right way. A🧵 A company can post strong profits and still be short on cash.

Reason: The income statement is based on the accrual method. This means sales are recorded as soon as a deal is made, even if the customer hasn’t paid yet.

Check an example.

PPFAS Flexi Cap vs HDFC Flexi Cap

Both are extremely popular (the two biggest Flex Cap schemes).

Both have created immense wealth for investors.

And both have experienced fund managers with a solid track record.

Which one should you pick? A 🧵 Let’s start with returns.

Over the long haul, the PPFAS scheme comes out on top.

3-year & 5-year returns: HDFC Flexi Cap has beaten PPFAS Flexi Cap.

A key reason for this is the turnaround in HDFC Flexi Cap’s performance post 2020.

Hotel stocks have delivered blockbuster returns over the last 5 years.

If you want to invest in them smartly, you must closely track 5 key metrics.

A 🧵 on how to analyse hotel companies like a pro. 1. Occupancy Rate

Occupancy Rate = Number of occupied rooms / Number of available rooms.

It tells you what % of rooms were filled.

Ideally, a higher occupancy shows stronger demand for the hotel chain.

Let’s check some real-life examples to understand.

The Q4 FY25 result season has come to an end.

Until the quarter before (Q3), there had been concerns.

The sales growth of India’s top 500 companies had hit a 5-quarter low.

Has Q4 brought good news for investors?

Which stocks & sectors stand out at this point? A thread 🧵. We will answer 5 key questions in this thread:

1. Is growth finally back?

2. Have sales and profitability improved?

3. Did small caps surprise in Q4?

4. Which sectors are leading?

5. Which are the winning stocks?

FD rates will likely drop further after the RBI’s big rate cut.

Going by past trends, 1-year FDs from banks like SBI, HDFC, and ICICI could fall to 6% or lower.

However, some lesser-known but equally safe options still offer over 8%.

A 🧵 What are these alternatives?

We are talking about FDs from Small Finance Banks (SFBs).

These banks focus on small borrowers and offer unsecured & high-interest loans.

So, to attract deposits, they can afford to offer higher interest rates than large banks.

Amid concerns about weak earnings and an economic slowdown, four companies promised more than 50% revenue growth in FY25.

And they delivered.

Now, they are guiding for similar growth in FY26.

What do these 4 companies do? What is driving their growth? A 🧵 1. Kaynes Technology India

This company makes complex electronic components used in various high-growth industries, such as aerospace, EVs, and railways.

-91% of revenue comes from India
-The remaining 9% from exports

After Operation Sindoor, defence stocks are back in focus.

Do they have enough ammunition to rally further?

Which companies stand out?

We answer these and many more questions you may have in this thread 🧵 We will focus on 3 aspects in this analysis:

-India’s promising defence story

-Valuations

-Financials of key companies

Let’s start.

Bandhan Small Cap Fund has delivered exceptional returns in recent years.

It’s among the top 3 small-cap funds based on 3-year and 5-year returns.

What’s working for this fund? Has it been a consistent performer? A 🧵 Let’s start with performance.

One thing that stands out in this scheme’s performance is its solid downside protection.

Since its inception in Feb 2020, the Nifty Smallcap 250 TRI registered over 5% monthly fall 6 times. The fund performed better on all 6 occasions.

Flexi Cap funds have a lot of freedom. But each has a distinct style.

@PPFAS Flexi Cap: Value-focused + bold cash calls

JM Flexi Cap: Aggressive, prefers mid & small caps

HDFC Flexi Cap: Steady performer + large-cap heavy

So, which one fits you the best? Let’s find out. A🧵 We analysed every Flexi Cap fund in India across 5 key parameters:

-Allocation to Large Caps

-Exposure to Mid & Small Caps

-How frequently the fund buys and sells stocks

-Performance during good times

-Performance during tough times

Here’s what we found. 👇

Markets move in cycles, and winning sectors keep changing.

If you can spot which sectors will lead next, you can earn market-beating returns.

Here are 4 smart strategies to help you pick winning sectors. A 🧵 1. Tracking Economic Cycles

The economy moves in cycles: expansion, peak, contraction, and recovery.

Tracking economic and business indicators can help you figure out where we are in that cycle and which sectors are likely to perform well next.

HDFC Focused 30 Fund is topping the charts across 1, 3, and 5-year returns.

But it wasn’t always like this. It has turned around since 2020.

That’s why its 5-year returns are more impressive than its 10-year returns.

What are the factors working for the fund? A🧵 The fund was launched in September 2004.

Until 2020, its performance was a mixed bag.

Between 2005 and 2020 (16 calendar years), the fund managed to beat its benchmark (Nifty 500 TRI) only 8 times.

It saw some good years, but some forgettable ones as well.