Quenuai, Peru. 🧵

This is not bedrock and not carving, I’m 100% sure of that.

A hundred percent sounds a bit much—where does that confidence come from? From the fact that the same thing showed up in my little lab while I was messing around with Inca “stone softening.”

If it’s not bedrock, then what is it? I wouldn’t call it casting; it’s more like a kind of plastering: a layer of artificial Inca stone smeared onto the real bedrock underneath. 2. First, let’s see how I killed the long, boring hours of the Christmas break.

Well, I cooked stone soup—Inca stone soup, to be precise. Here’s the recipe:

100 g water, 25 g NaOH, 25 g KOH, 100 g sand.

Why exactly NaOH and KOH? That's a long story, it's just simulated peruvian wood ash lye, accept it as is.

If you cook this slowly, over low heat, on a regular hot plate, all the way to full hardness—by that I mean concrete hardness—then some portion of the sand (we don’t know how much) turns into waterglass.

The reaction isn’t complete because the temperature is too low, but that foam is definitely waterglass, born from the marriage of sand and alkalis.

The Split Trap. A 🧵

1. The Mission

In July 2025, armed with an XRF device, I traveled to Croatia to find out whether the limestone blocks with nubs contain any foreign material — in other words, whether they’re natural or man-made.

This device can determine which atoms are present in a thin surface layer of a material by analyzing its X-ray backscatter. Since my artificial stone mixture contains potassium, that’s exactly what I was looking for in the ancient stones. 2. Ancient Croatia

Croatia is full of megalithic relics, though most of them date back to the Roman era. There are about a dozen abandoned towns like this one scattered along the ridgeline of the Dinaric Alps.

I visited five or six of these sites and eagerly pressed the XRF device’s lens against the walls, but it didn’t detect any foreign material. Instead, I found something else: mortar between the stones. And where there’s mortar, it’s not true polygonal masonry, so it’s no surprise there was no potassium.

Today we’re going to settle the question that keeps coming up over and over again 🧵

“This stone casting is bullshit! I tell you why: where did the ancient Egyptians get their crushed granite from??"

"Do you think they crushed granite with no tools? You see? Got you!”

I found the CORRECT (and mind blowingly simple) answer to this question myself when I started looking for crushed granite (granite grit/powder) that was cheap—or even better, free. 2. Sure, you can buy 5 grams for 50 dollars on Amazon, but trying to cast a multi-ton stone block with that… well, it’s not exactly cost-effective.

So I started tracking down local quarries (in Hungary), and what I discovered honestly shocked me too. Here it is:

The overwhelming majority of quarries in the world—roughly 80–90%—produce nothing but crushed stone (aggregate).

Solid granite slabs, let alone thick monolithic blocks (for obelisks, for example), are quarried in only a tiny handful of places.

Really.

It’s no coincidence that if you die in Europe, you’ll probably end up with a gravestone from South Africa, India, or China.

And that’s not because we’re chasing luxury—it’s because those are the “closest” places where decent-quality solid granite slabs can actually be extracted.

Suddenly I gained another 500 followers, so for their sake, I'll briefly summarize what the game is all about here. It seems we're going to rewrite the first few chapters of human history.

What started as "let's figure out how the unfinished obelisk in Aswan was made" has evolved in a direction where we can now confidently say the past didn't happen the way we thought.

Our ancestors were apparently capable of chemically altering stones, dissolving them, and then reassembling them. The evidence for this is that countless others besides me have done this, and it works, and it’s not even hard to do.

Unfortunately, there's no need for UFOs or ancient advanced civilizations to transport stone blocks of, say, 20-25 tons, or God forbid, 1000 tons. They weren’t hauling the stone blocks around, but just the raw material. In buckets.

The megalithic structures are masonry works, just that the mortar is a completely different material than what we use today. What could it be? First Act

When I started to decipher the secret of the Aswan unfinished obelisk, I naturally had no intention of rewriting the early history of humanity. This realization came later. The mystery of the unfinished obelisk lies in the mysterious scoop marks, approximately 50x50 cm indentations, which look as though someone gouged out the granite with a giant ice cream scoop.

The official explanation is completely wrong, I won’t even go into that, it’s nonsense.

However, my experiment was successful, and indeed, I was able to chemically etch the supposedly indestructible granite with simple tools in my own backyard. All it took was a grill chimney starter, some charcoal, and - natron.

As it turned out, modern humanity of course knows that molten natron dissolves granite, or more accurately quartz, and this is used in several industrial processes, from pottery (cracking glazes) to recycling rare metals (liberating metals from circuit boards).

It's just that archaeologists didn’t know.

Which I have no problem with, other than the fact that they know now but still ignore the facts.

1. A new twist in the life of The Natron Theory 🧵

Many people know that for my artificial (fake) granite, I use waterglass and whiskey (ethanol)🍹.

Specifically, I precipitate amorphous silica gel from the waterglass using ethanol, and that’s what I use as a binder.

All fine and good, but it’s a fair question: how much alcohol did the ancient Egyptians have to distill and effectively waste to produce that unimaginable quantity of granite objects?

Instead of drinking it, right?

Yeah, it’s a fair critique. Humanity would rather drink lighter fluid than use good brandy to cast stones. 2. And while I was thinking about this, I remembered a much earlier experiment when I tried to make glass lenses from silica gel.

That experiment failed, mostly because as the thick silica gel dried, it turned from transparent to snow white. Which, as you can guess, doesn’t make for a great optical lens.

For that experiment, I used baking soda—I added it to the waterglass, and as the baking soda slowly broke down, it turned the waterglass into completely transparent silica gel.

That’s the point where I should’ve been smart—but I wasn’t!

Even though “it’s in my book”!

Megalithic Croatia, Day 5 🧵

A Visit to the Dragon Cave

On the last day, I found myself climbing a hill—XRF device in hand—heading toward the top, where this spectacular cave is hidden.

I’m writing this mainly so others can find the place too, and also to warn: don’t go alone.

For one, you probably won’t find the cave, and even if you do, it’s locked. The key? That’s with Zoran.

And who the hell is Zoran? 2. Before I answer that, a bit of geography. Just off the coast from Split are a bunch of small islands. One of the larger ones is Brač.

That’s where the cave is—up in the hills.

You get there by ferry. I recommend bringing a rental car, because once the ferry drops you off, it’s still about a 40-kilometer drive to the tiny village where the cave is.

1. Megalithic Croatia – Day 3 🧵

Split. The basement of Diocletian’s Palace.

💥💥💥BREAKTHROUGH! 💥💥💥

💥💥OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT💥💥

We’ll remember June 4th, 2025, as the day I discovered the first man-made, cast ancient limestone block!

This will be the most important thread you’ll read all year — and it’s only July. I’m not kidding.

So where’s that stone? 2. It’s a limestone block in the basement of Diocletian’s Palace in Split — specifically, a lintel. This will be hugely significant later on.

A limestone block — and it’s got MUD CRAKC patterns.

What? 😱

Cracks formed from shrinkage during drying.

Wait, what? Drying? Shrinking? A limestone block? That’s IMPOSSIBLE.

Yeees! That’s the point!

1. Megalithic Croatia – Day 1 🧵

City of Asseria

This beautiful, taller-than-a-person stone wall belongs to a completely abandoned ancient roman city, Asseria, dated to the 6th century.

It’s located between Zadar and Split in Croatia, and since it was on the way, it became the first site I visited with the XRF device.

The rock appears to be limestone. The question was whether it contains any foreign material, say, potassium. Spoiler alert: it doesn’t—and from this “failure,” I ended up learning a lot. 2. So I suddenly came up with three minimal conditions that all need to be met for casting to even be a possibility. I’ll be applying these same criteria to the Temple of Jupiter in the city of Split as well later on.

I found that the first and most important criterion is the joints: ideally, you shouldn’t be able to slip a razor blade between the stones. Well… I can actually fit my mobile phone in there in a few spots.

1. I’d like to show you something interesting. The question is: Could our ancestors accidentally discover that plain wood ash (officially potassium hydroxide) binds powdered limestone into a solid block? 🧵

I don’t think that’s a dumb question—because if the answer is yes, then once again, we can toss out those theories about the Wandering Teachers and alien intervention, which I’d be more than happy to do.

Here’s the idea: our ancestors build a fire in an area full of limestone dust, then move on.

Yes, there are places on Earth where powdered limestone just sits on the ground—you can’t even avoid it, you just end up kicking it around. Let’s not get hung up on that detail.

The closest such spot to me is the Pilis Mountains in Hungary. It’s real.

Then rain soaks the ash, washing the potassium hydroxide into the limestone powder. The question is—by the time our ancestors wander back, has the powder turned into stone on its own?

So here’s the experiment we jumped into in week two: six shot glasses, each with limestone powder at the bottom (the white stuff), and wood ash on top, soaked with water (like rain).

Thanks to the mysterious force known as gravity, the dissolved potassium hydroxide seeps down into the limestone powder.

Why six glasses? Because I don’t expect the first round to work like magic. But if we don’t get results even after six rounds, that we could reasonably call a failure.

So, what happened after the first round? 2. By now, the ash has long since dried—remember, I started the experiment two weeks ago.

I scrape off the dried ash from the top, and underneath, the limestone powder has solidified into one piece. But how strong is this bond?

1. A few words about Roman concrete. Scientists have long known that…

But what if I’ve just found another material that sets underwater just like the Roman stuff, is made from ancient ingredients, and doesn’t require ash from Mount Vesuvius?

Truth be told, @JablonskyVik had been saying for a while that this mix of his was setting underwater, but for some reason, I brushed it off.

Now I figured—why not give it a shot? The new material with this curious ability is called… 2. Neopolymer — Norway spruce ash + waterglass.

What’s crazy about this is that I poured the freshly mixed, still totally runny sludge into the mold, and in the video you can clearly see: straight into the water it goes.

And you can also see that it immediately repelled the water. Zero seconds after mixing.

Now we’re letting it cure for 24 hours.

1. Hi Newcomers, let me introduce the very first ancient artificial stone I discovered in detail—what I call Inka Stone, or Neopolymer (a Neolithic geopolymer). 🧵

The recipe is incredibly complex—it involves mixing two components, and since two is more than one, obviously a caveman couldn’t have made this, right? I mean, they couldn’t even count to two.

And anyway, there’s no point in trying the experiment, because the result isn’t stone—it’s just a handful of mud.

Well, no. Definitely not. 2. So, it all started when I etched a piece of granite using molten natron in a grill chimney.

I couldn’t believe my eyes when it actually worked, because granite is supposed to be one of the hardest materials on Earth, practically indestructible—or so the myth goes.

When I announced this to the world around 2023, even I didn’t understand how it was possible. But now I do:

(molten) (Na₂CO₃) + SiO₂ = Na₂SiO₃ + CO₂.
That’s what happens.

In plain English: molten natron breaks down the quartz in the granite and turns into waterglass in a bubbling frenzy. That gives us our first component for artificial stone—waterglass.

I've actually made a webpage full of pictures and videos about this. Check it out before asking questions: natrontheory.com

1. Suddenly I gained another 500 followers, so for their sake, I'll briefly summarize what the game is all about here. It seems we're going to rewrite the first few chapters of human history. 🧵

What started as "let's figure out how the unfinished obelisk in Aswan was made" has evolved in a direction where we can now confidently say the past didn't happen the way we thought.

Our ancestors were apparently capable of chemically altering stones, dissolving them, and then reassembling them. The evidence for this is that countless others besides me have done this, and it works, and it’s not even hard to do.

Unfortunately, there's no need for UFOs or ancient advanced civilizations to transport stone blocks of, say, 20-25 tons, or God forbid, 1000 tons. They weren’t hauling the stone blocks around, but just the raw material. In buckets.

The megalithic structures are masonry works, just that the mortar is a completely different material than what we use today. What could it be? 2. First Act

When I started to decipher the secret of the Aswan unfinished obelisk, I naturally had no intention of rewriting the early history of humanity. This realization came later.

The mystery of the unfinished obelisk lies in the mysterious scoop marks, approximately 50x50 cm indentations, which look as though someone gouged out the granite with a giant ice cream scoop.

The official explanation is completely wrong, I won’t even go into that, it’s nonsense.

However, my experiment was successful, and indeed, I was able to chemically etch the supposedly indestructible granite with simple tools in my own backyard. All it took was a grill chimney starter, some charcoal, and - natron.

As it turned out, modern humanity of course knows that molten natron dissolves granite, or more accurately quartz, and this is used in several industrial processes, from pottery (cracking glazes) to recycling rare metals (liberating metals from circuit boards).

It's just that archaeologists didn’t know.

Which I have no problem with, other than the fact that they know now but still ignore the facts.

1. Tatiana posted a great photo yesterday of some walls beneath the Athenian Acropolis. That image raised a bunch of questions about nubs, so I figured I’d sum up what the Natron Theory predicts about them.

And yes, I’m deliberately using the word “predicts,” because neither I nor anyone else has done a thorough mass spectrometry analysis of that wall—let alone dismantled it or looked behind it.

So while logic strongly suggests what I’m about to say is true, it’s still just logic. And life isn’t always logical.

So let’s dive in! 🧵 2. What jumps out right away about this section of the wall is that it’s not made with polygonal masonry—it’s built from uniform limestone blocks.

I marked the edges of the narrower stones with a red dashed line: if those weren’t cast in a mold, then nothing ever was. Their height isn’t just close—it’s identical. Same with their width.

Curiously, though, the nubs are in the “wrong place”—not at the bottom of the stones. So they definitely weren’t for draining excess water.

But hang on—

1. I'm slowly starting to understand what might have happened in Peru.

A long and important 🧵

Anyone remember when I was scouring satellite images looking for natron springs all over the world?
I found quite a few—like near the Barabar caves in India, by Göbekli Tepe, and other places.

And I also found a huge natural salt source in Peru, right at the epicenter of all known megalithic remains.
Not a bad hunch—but still... 2. This place is the ancient Peruvian salt evaporation site, Salinas de Maras, where massive amounts of salt have been produced for thousands of years.

When I identified this place as a natron source, I didn’t yet realize that where there’s calcium, there’s no natron.

I never claimed to be a real scientist—this is pseudoscience, and massive blunders like this come with the territory.

1. Here’s an overhead view of the Great Pyramid of Giza.

I used this image in my newly published book to prove a point. Then along came a so-called "real archaeologist," trying to make a fool of me. "Real archaeologists" come and go—I don’t even remember his name.

But a few things have happened since then. Let’s see who was right.

Let’s zoom in! 2. In this image, we can spot all kinds of interesting details—from the impressions spanning multiple stones (top right, orange fram) to the skillful use of a square drill (bottom left, green frame).

In my book, I wrote that these are clear signs that these stones are artificial. To which the real archaeologist responded: “So many people have been on top of the pyramid, entire TV crews—it’s obvious they chiseled out those square holes.”

Alright, fine. Let’s say you’re right. (You’re not—we’ll see in a moment.)

But who in their right mind carves indentations into stone?

And are we seriously supposed to believe that TV crews carry precision square drills? I had no idea. I always thought they just used dowels and screws to mount things.

1. Here’s an overhead view of the Great Pyramid of Giza 🧵

I used this image in my newly published book to prove a point. Then along came a so-called "real archaeologist," trying to make a fool of me. "Real archaeologists" come and go—I don’t even remember his name.

But a few things have happened since then. Let’s see who was right.

Let’s zoom in! 2. In this image, we can spot all kinds of interesting details—from the impressions spanning multiple stones (top right, orange fram) to the skillful use of a square drill (bottom left, green frame).

In my book, I wrote that these are clear signs that these stones are artificial. To which the real archaeologist responded: “So many people have been on top of the pyramid, entire TV crews—it’s obvious they chiseled out those square holes.”

Alright, fine. Let’s say you’re right. (You’re not—we’ll see in a moment.)

But who in their right mind carves indentations into stone?

And are we seriously supposed to believe that TV crews carry precision square drills? I had no idea. I always thought they just used dowels and screws to mount things.

1. And from now on I’m the happy and (il)legal owner of a piece of limestone from The Great Pyramid of Giza!

Thanks to @GodPlaysCards who sent it to me.

🧵
2. Why is this important? Because he collected it at the top (‼️) of the great pyramid some 20 years ago

AAAAAAND!

there is a slight chance that this piece is from a casing stone!

God knows- and mass spectrometry 🤣

1. How did I invent the time machine? 🧵

When I first made artificial (okay, fake) granite using my own recipe (see below), it absolutely refused to become waterproof. And I was on a tight deadline—I'd written a book that included the recipe, and it was about to be published.

But this stuff kept crumbling just from regular tap water. Some “granite,” huh?

Sure, I knew it would eventually become weatherproof over time, but how much time? And who has time to wait?

So, reluctantly, I had to invent a time machine—just to have a fake granite that could withstand the elements before the book came out. I put my stone inside, sent it into the future, and ta-da—it came out fully weatherproof.

What kind of time machine, you ask? Not that kind. You wouldn't fit inside. 2. So what are we really talking about?

The stone's recipe is dead simple. To make artificial granite my way, you take real, gazillion-year-old natural granite rubble and glue it back together with fake quartz—amorphous SiO₂ (basically glass).

And you make that fake quartz from waterglass (sodium silicate), adding any strong liquor like whiskey 🥃

That separates the waterglass into amorphous silica gel and potassium hydroxide water, which drips out of the stone. (The role of the nubs.)

1. "This stone here can’t possibly be cast. It's carved, 100%" 🧵

Why?

"Well, look at that white line in it, the quartz vein. That white stripe can only form under immense pressure and heat. This is a carved Egyptian tablet, period."

But how true is that, really?

There’s probably some truth to it, but could it just be another myth, like the one about granite being indestructible—immune to both acids and alkalis?

Spoiler alert: while I’ve traced the origin of this myth, I can’t claim I’ve cracked this one (unlike with granite, which I can break down).

I can't grow quartz veins and certainly can't check the results simply because I don't live for thousands of years. Do you?

Here’s everything I found out about the roots of the story. It’s pretty fascinating! 2. To understand the tale, we need to rewind about 80–90 years—to the era of vacuum tubes.

Back then, these tubes were cutting-edge tech, used for just about everything, much like semiconductors today.

(Because guess what? They're semiconductors too.)

And if you’ve ever wondered where the term “software bug” comes from, picture an actual insect getting fried on a circuit because of the heat from those vacuum tubes—short-circuiting the whole thing.

1. What if I told you I know exactly how this stone pattern was made—and why? 🧵

This is a detail from the roof of the Hathor Temple in Dendera. That roof practically screams it was made using cast artificial limestone. And this elegant pattern?

Let me walk you through it step by step, and you’ll see the "why".

How can I be so self confident? Ughh!

Well, I usually do what I preach. At the end of this thread I’ll show you how I cast a similar pattern in my own backyard from some non-existent, impossible artificial limestone slurry.

Let’s dive in! 2. For the longest time, I didn’t realize that this pattern wasn’t made for aesthetics—it came about because something had to be cast around and then patched up later.

There was something in that enclosed area (marked by a brown square) that couldn’t be removed until all the surrounding stone had set.

Maybe a post for a canopy to shade the fresh casts from the scorching sun? Who knows. But the casting sequence? That we can figure out.

Besides, it can’t be for decoration, because this pattern is in the middle layer of a sandwich-structured roof. If locals hadn’t stripped the top layer for building stone, no living soul would’ve ever seen this “aesthetic miracle.”

So, the post stood there—immovable for the time being—and had to be cast around.

1. Cast, Not Carved 🧵

Here’s the theory in a nutshell—the one I’ll be using to explain all those ridiculous questions "influencers" keep asking about ancient stones.

"How did our ancestors lift 60-ton stones?"

Well they clearly did not, or if they did, they did it in buckets! 🪣🪣🪣🪣

How did they carve the stones to fit together so precisely?

Again, they didn’t—they poured one next to the other.

Why are all the stones different? Why isn’t there a single one that’s the same?

Because they poured them straight into the wall, not into molds—so they didn’t have to lift them later.

Where are the molds then?

Nowhere. They didn’t need them. A few wooden planks or a bit of animal hide was enough.

And I’m not just talking hot air—I actually pour stones: Inca stone, sandstone, granite, limestone.

Alright, now let’s get to the examples. 2. Bench in Cusco

This bench is found on a street in Cusco, and what’s interesting is that it’s not a bench, but a wall slightly dislodged by an earthquake, showing how precisely they “carved”… I mean how the upper row pressed down on the still-not-fully-solidified stones of the lower row.

Of course, one could still argue they were carved, as the point is such precise carving, but let’s look at the next example.