You don't have to get sick multiple times per year.

Here are some tips you can use to bulletproof your immune system this winter.

Thread🧵 *Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

It's George.

Modern life is quietly sabotaging your immune system.

From spike protein pathology, redox collapse and thymic involution that shrink and starve your naive T-cell factory, all the way to heavy metal exposure, nutrient deficiencies, gut dysbiosis and much more, the list of things that harm our immune system is endless.

So here's how you can build a resilient immune system in a toxic world.

More people than ever are struggling with candida overgrowths and suffering from symptoms such as:

-Kidney problems.
-Intense sugar cravings.
-Skin issues.
-Digestive issues such as bloating, constipation, white coating on the tongue or gas (especially after eating carbs).
-Developing more and more food intolerances. -Brain fog
-Blood sugar regulation issues.
-Athlete’s foot, toenail fungus, jock itch, oral thrush, bad breath, acne and eczema.
-Chronic fatigue.
-Frequent infections.
-Leaky gut.

and much more as a consequence.

Yet most of them never truly resolve it and it's no wonder why.

Most people use the wrong supplements, neglect key mechanisms that keep candida in check by default and in general, follow highly ineffective roadmaps.

So here’s the BEST approach that can actually help you manage a candida overgrowth.

We will discuss:

-Common signs of candida overgrowth
-Tests you can take
-What Candida even is
-The most common causes in order to finally determine the main ones that are driving your overgrowth
-How to address each one in the most efficient way possible
-Common mistakes to avoid
-Breakdown of the most helpful supplements in this journey

and more.

Tap in. Thread🧵
*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*.

It's George.

In case you encounter this topic for the first time and wonder how can a candida overgrowthcan lead to these symptoms, here are some basic explanations.

First, it disrupts the balance of gut microbiota, reducing beneficial bacteria.

This leads to fermentation of undigested carbohydrates, producing gas and bloating by 2–3-fold as most studies suggest.

It also secretes aspartyl proteases and phospholipases, damaging the mucosal bilayer which can lead to bloating and general discomfort.

When it comes to the oral cavity, it forms biofilms creating a white coating on the tongue.

Then, it metabolizes sugars via fermentation, producing acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct that crosses the blood-brain barrier and impairs neuronal function, causing brain fog, confusion, and a “hangover-like” feeling.

In animal models for example, candida-induced inflammation reduced cognitive clarity by 30%. Candida also consumes glucose for growth and biofilm formation, causing fluctuations in blood sugar levels, especially after high-carb meals.

In diabetic patients for example, an ovegrowth led to a 2-fold increase in insulin resistance.

Regarding sugar cravings, candida albicans thrives on glucose and its overgrowth may signal the host to consume more sugars throygh gut-brain axis modulation of hormones that control our appetite such as ghrelin.

Many studies show that a Candida overgrowth increased sugar cravingsand ghrelin levels in 20–30% of patients.

Fatigue-wise, candida overgrowth triggers cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, causing systemic inflammation that disrupts energy metabolism, the acetaldehyde impairs mitochondrial function, reducing ATP production, biofilms and mucosal damage impair nutrient absorption (especially when it comes to B vitamins and iron), which are critical for energy production.

Then, candida overgrowth overwhelms mucosal immunity, reducing IgA and phagocytic activity, increasing susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections.

And finally when it comes to effects such as developing a leaky gut and food intolerances, the overgrowth degrades tight junction proteins such as occludin and ZO-1 (it’s shown to reduce ZO-1 expression by 40%), increasing intestinal permeability allowing toxins and antigens to leak into the bloodstream triggering immune responses and food intolerances (Candida-induced leaky gut has shown to lead to a 30% increase in food intolerances).

If you give me 17 minutes, i will help you battle depression more effectively than everything you've tried so far.

This is the most in-depth guide about depression, discussing:
-Common misunderstandings when it comes to depression
-The genetic influences
-General tests you can take
-The hormonal influences
-Why where you live is very important
-Something more effective and safer than SSRIs
-Why, no matter how much you work on your mental patterns, you're still depressed
-Why you might be thinking about depression the wrong way
and much more.

Thread🧵 *Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

It's George.

Let's start this thread with the following: there's no "one thing" that causes depression.

Depression is driven by a complex interplay of lifestyle factors, genetics, hormones and much more.

Now in order for someone to meet the diagnostic criteria for unipolar depression (major depressive disorder (MDD)), he must have at least 5 of the following symptoms that also cause him significant distress (impairment in social, occupational and other areas of his life)

The symptoms include:
- Anhedonia: a diminished ability to experience pleasure, interest or motivation in previously enjoyable activities for an extended time period.
-Significant weight loss or gain (more than 5% of body weight in a month).
-Insomnia or hypersomnia.
-Psychomotor changes such as agitation.
-Severe fatigue.
-Excessive or inappropriate guilt or feelings of inadequacy.
-Serious trouble focusing, making decisions or remembering.
-Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation or suicide attempts.

So if you don't have at least 5 of these symptoms, you might be mislabeling what you are feeling as depression.

Right now, there are microplastics in people's brains, bone marrow, placenta, lungs and in the case you are a man, in your testicles as well.

So one of the best things you can do for your brain, fertility, hormonal health, skin health, hair health and even the environment is avoiding xenoestrogens for the rest of your life.

Here’s what you need to know about them.
The ultimate xenoestrogen thread🧵

*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

Before we get into xenostrogen, let's briefly talk about estrogen.

First and foremost, there are several forms of estrogen in the body, including:

-Estradiol (E2) or 17β-Estradiol

-Estrone (E1)

-Estriol (E3)

-Estretrol (E4) (during pregnancy)

When it comes to estradiol (E2), in the ovarian granulosa cells (but also adipose tissue and the placenta), testosterone or androstenedione from theca cells get turned into estrone or estradiol with the help of CYP19 (aka aromatase) which removes the C19 methyl group and aromatizes the A-ring with 17β-HSD also helping with interconverting forms.

Some of the effects that (healthy levels of) estradiol has on our bodies include:

-Reducing neuroinflammatory cytokines

-Promoting dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus plus the prefrontal cortex

-Increasing serotonin synthesis and receptor density

-Modulating dopamine release in the mesolimbic system

-It enhances B-cell proliferation and antibody production (note: low estrogen levels are protective against Th1-driven autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis while high levels exacerbate Th2-driven diseases but also Th2-mediated allergic inflammation (allergies, asthma etc))

-Promotes female genital development

-Stimulates endometrial proliferation during the follicular phase

-Promotes subcutaneous fat deposition in women

and more.

Note: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH upregulate aromatase expression (estrogen synthesis peaks during the follicular phase or pregnancy).

Now estrone (E1), requires androstenedione to be converted to estrone by aromatase mainly in adipose tissue (it’s a weaker ER agonist than E2) and estriol (E3) is mainly produced in the placenta from fetal DHEA-S via 16α-hydroxylation and aromatization (non-pregnant women still produce small amounts of E3 via 16α-hydroxylation of estrone/estradiol in liver and other tissues. That’s why vaginal estriol works systemically a little bit even in menopausal women).

Here are the main reasons that led to the average person struggling with:
-Being overweight
-Pre-diabetes
-NAFLD
-Skin issues
-Chronic fatigue
-Depression and anxiety
-High blood pressure
-CVD
-Low libido
and in general, having more health issues than ever.

Thread🧵 *Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

It's George.

First and foremost, there's no single thing that can be blamed for the pandemic of health issues that more and more people face.

Multiple aspects of modern living lead to this.
Here are the main ones in my opinion.

Energy drinks make you depressed, coffee does not.

Colostrum is 3 times more effective than the flu jab.

Fortified flour basically has iron shavings.

Sunscreens with an over 20SPF used constantly might be one shotting us more than we can think.

Vaping increases suicides.

Etc

https://twitter.com/cremieuxrecueil/status/1991942320284131656

-Mothers who are low in Vitamin D during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to children who develop autism and ADHD by age 10.

-Vitamin C lowers cortisol by up to 40%, increases oxytocin, supports cardiovascular health, increases dopamine and lowers prolactin.

-300 mg/day of ubiquinol (active CoQ10) reduces migraine frequency by up to 50–60%.

-Thiamine (B1) at high doses (up to 1.5 grams) cuts fatigue nearly in half in patients with MS.

-B1 is crucial for gut motility and stimulating digestive enzymes.

-20 g/day of creatine loading + 5 g maintenance for 8 weeks cuts pain by 50% and fatigue by 60% in several small RCTs for fibromyalgia.

-High prolactin and low thyroid hormones are common in MDD.

30-32% of adults worldwide have liver dysfunction.
That's almost 1 in 3.

Yet, decades ago, only alcoholics and people with viral hepatitis got serious liver issues.

But now, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the leading cause of liver problems worldwide and even a lot of kids have it these days.

So most people's livers are crying for help in the modern day and age.

Why is this a problem?

Because poor liver function means:
• Fatigue
• A weakened immune system
• Gut issues
• Skin issues
• Increased cancer risk
• Blood pleasure issues
• Impaired metabolic function
and much more.

So here's a roadmap for taking care of your liver (we will discuss tests you can take, lifestyle interventions, supplements and more).

Thread🧵
*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*.

Let's start with the boring but necessary basics.

The liver is the second-largest organ in your body which is located in the upper right-hand part of your abdominal cavity underneath your diaphragm, right lung and rib.

It is made up of two main lobes which are made up of thousands of tiny lobules and each is made up of numerous hepatocytes.

These line up and between each row there are small blood vessels that diffuse oxygen and nutrients called sinusoids.

We can divide liver lobules into 3 metabolic zones: zones 1, 2, and 3.

Zone I hepatocytes are specialized for functions such as cholesterol synthesis, b-oxidation of fatty acids, and gluconeogenesis.

Zone II are crucial for liver homeostasis.

Zone III are crucial for detoxifying based on cytochrome P-450, glycolysis and lipogenesis.
Now a portal triad/area/canal/tract or field, is an arrangement within lobules that consists of:

-The proper hepatic artery ( a branch of the hepatic artery) which supplies the left and right lobes of the liver (not only that but the gallbladder and a part of the stomach as well).

-The hepatic portal vein which carries blood from the pancreas, intestines, gallbladder and spleen to the liver. To the liver, not from the liver, the hepatic vein does this, not the hepatic portal vein.

-Bile ducts which are multiple thin tubes that go from the liver to the small intestine which carry bile from the liver and gallbladder, through the pancreas, and into the small intestine.

Now obviously there are more cell types that reside in the liver besides hepatocytes such as kupffer and endothelial cells.

So if you want to be healthy, you're going to need a healthy liver by default.

Alcohol intolerance in small amounts is a great symptom of declining health.

Here are the most common reasons behind alcohol intolerance.

*Nothing in here is sarcastic.
Thread🧵
*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

Quick notes before we enter the causes.

Note 1: The “safest” alcoholic drink is quality tequila.

Note 2: Alcohol is a tool and low doses of alcohol (up to 2 maybe 3 tops drinks per week) can have benefits under certain conditions.

Note 3: Nowhere in this thread i suggest getting shit faced.

I personally have a drink like once a month.

Most people trying to improve their health waste money on the wrong things.

So before you spend any money on your health journey, make sure that you're applying these free or quite cheap tools.

Thread🧵
*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

It's George.

This thread will basically try to:

-Prevent people from wasting money on fancy tools that don't really work simply because they have the wrong priorities

-Showcase that even if you don't have a lot of money, you can still improve your health.

Let's get into it/the tools.

If you will never fix your brain unless you fix your mitochondria.

Just a single cortical neuron utilizes approximately 4.7 billion ATPs per second in a resting human brain.

Here are some basic steps you can take to support the function of your mitochondria.

Thread 🧵 *Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

Now first and foremost, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in a host of health conditions ranging from chronic fatigue, low testosterone, depression, bipolar disorders, low testosterone and neurodegenerative diseases all the way to cardiovascular issues, diabetes and even sleep apnea.

Now, what are mitochondria?

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that likely originated from ancient α-proteobacteria engulfed by eukaryotic cells.

These organelles produce the vast majority of cellular energy through adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is needed to power every cell's biochemical reactions.

They also modulate processes like cell signaling, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis.

So it’s really no wonder that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in a host of health conditions.

When it comes to the structure of these double-membrane organelles, it’s a good idea to be aware of the following.

We have the:

-Outer membrane that is highly permeable due to porins such as voltage-dependent anion channels that allow small molecules and ions to pass freely.

-Inner membrane that is less permeable, with selective transporters, that houses the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthase.

-Intermembrane space that is the region between the membranes.

This one is enriched with protons during ATP synthesis, creating a gradient essential for energy production through chemiosmosis.

-Mitochondrial matrix that is the innermost compartment, containing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), 70S ribosomes and enzymes for metabolic pathways like the Krebs cycle.

Here's the list of nutrients most people don't get enough of and experience:
-Fatigue
-High blood pressure
-Skin issues
-Low libido
-Brain fog
-High blood sugar
-Hair loss
-A compromised immune system
and more, as a result.

Thread🧵


*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

Before we even get into the nutrients, you must be aware of two things.

Number 1: Each macronutrient (protein, carbs, fats) relies on specific metabolic pathways that require distinct vitamins, minerals and cofactors for optimal function.

So basically, our micronutrient needs are influenced by our macronutrient intake.

Now, here are some micronutrient adjustments you can make for certain macronutrient splits.

-High-protein diets
B6: Cofactor for transaminases and decarboxylases in amino acid metabolism.
B9: Aids in methionine metabolism.
B7: Supports amino acid catabolism and energy production from branched-chain amino acids.
B12: Essential for methionine synthesis.
Magnesium: Facilitates protein synthesis.
Molybdenum: Cofactor in the urea cycle (via xanthine oxidase), helping detoxify nitrogen waste from protein breakdown.

-High-carb diets
B1: Essential for pyruvate dehydrogenase.
B3: Needed for NAD+ synthesis in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
Magnesium: Cofactor for enzymes in glucose metabolism.
Zinc: Supports insulin signaling and glucose uptake.
Potassium: Supports insulin signaling and glucose uptake.
B5 : Precursor to coenzyme A, vital for metabolizing carbs into energy via the Krebs cycle.
Chromium: Enhances insulin sensitivity, improving glucose uptake in high-carb diets.

-High-fat diets
Choline: Critical for fat transport (via lipoproteins).
Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium): Low-carb intake = can't hold onto enough electrolytes in the long run.
L-Carnitine: Transports fatty acids into mitochondria for energy.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Supports mitochondrial energy production from fats, reducing fatigue in depression.
Glycine and taurine (for bile)

Proper sauna use is one of the best things you can do for your health during this winter.

Overall, it is shown to:
-Protect against neurodegenerative diseases
-Rapidly alleviate depression (faster than antidepressants)
-Be one of the best tools for detoxing from industrial toxins
-Support the immune system
-Enhance physical performance
-Promote myelination
-Improve cardiovascular health
-Alleviate chronic pain
-Reduce fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
-Be quite effective for resolving insomnia
and more.

Here's a short guide on the benefits of the sauna.
Thread🧵
*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

For the few of you who might be unaware, sauna therapy involves controlled exposure to heat, typically in a traditional (hot rock/steam) sauna (160-200°F, 70-100°C) or an infrared sauna (120-140°F, 49-60°C), inducing hyperthermia and sweating.

This triggers a cascade of physiological responses, including activation of the HPA axis, sympathetic nervous system and heat shock protein (HSP) pathways.

These responses drive adaptations in neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, immune and integumentary systems, contributing to the following benefits.

But besides these, saunas have been a cornerstone of wellness practices for centuries, from the sweat lodges of indigenous cultures to the Finnish saunas embedded in modern spa culture.

🧵The ultimate candida thread🧵

Most people don't really understand how problematic and dangerous having candida overgrowth actually is.

First, some potential signs and symptoms of Candida overgrowth include:
-Digestive issues such as bloating, constipation, white coating on the tongue or gas (especially after eating carbs).
-Brain fog that, even though it might sound weird, it’s very similar to a low-grade hangover (since it releases acetaldehyde) which is experienced once again, especially after eating carbs.
-Blood sugar regulation issues.
-Intense sugar cravings.
-Athlete’s foot, toenail fungus, jock itch, oral thrush, bad breath, acne and eczema.
-Chronic fatigue.
-Frequent infections.
-Leaky gut.
-Developing more and more food intolerances.

Now, how can a candida overgrowth lead to these symptoms?

Here are some basic explanations.

First, it disrupts the balance of gut microbiota, reducing beneficial bacteria.

This leads to fermentation of undigested carbohydrates, producing gas and bloating by 2–3-fold as most studies suggest.

It also secretes aspartyl proteases and phospholipases, damaging the mucosal bilayer which can lead to bloating and general discomfort.

When it comes to the oral cavity, it forms biofilms creating a white coating on the tongue.

Then, it metabolizes sugars via fermentation, producing acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct that crosses the blood-brain barrier and impairs neuronal function, causing brain fog, confusion, and a “hangover-like” feeling.

In animal models for example, candida-induced inflammation reduced cognitive clarity by 30%. Candida also consumes glucose for growth and biofilm formation, causing fluctuations in blood sugar levels, especially after high-carb meals.

In diabetic patients for example, an ovegrowth led to a 2-fold increase in insulin resistance.

Regarding sugar cravings, candida albicans thrives on glucose and its overgrowth may signal the host to consume more sugars throygh gut-brain axis modulation of hormones that control our appetite such as ghrelin.

Many studies show that a Candida overgrowth increased sugar cravingsand ghrelin levels in 20–30% of patients.

Fatigue-wise, candida overgrowth triggers cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, causing systemic inflammation that disrupts energy metabolism, the acetaldehyde impairs mitochondrial function, reducing ATP production, biofilms and mucosal damage impair nutrient absorption (especially when it comes to B vitamins and iron), which are critical for energy production.

Then, candida overgrowth overwhelms mucosal immunity, reducing IgA and phagocytic activity, increasing susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections.

And finally when it comes to effects such as developing a leaky gut and food intolerances, the overgrowth degrades tight junction proteins such as occludin and ZO-1 (it’s shown to reduce ZO-1 expression by 40%), increasing intestinal permeability allowing toxins and antigens to leak into the bloodstream triggering immune responses and food intolerances (Candida-induced leaky gut has shown to lead to a 30% increase in food intolerances).


But the problems don't end here.

An overgrowth will also:
1. Increase D-Arabinitol.

Unlike L-arabinitol (produced by humans), D-arabinitol is specific to fungal metabolism. D-arabinitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol (polyol) produced by certain fungi, including Candida albicans and other Candida species, during carbohydrate metabolism (candida metabolizes glucose into D-arabinitol via the pentose phosphate pathway).

2. Pyruvate accumulation and thiamine (B1) deficiency.

Pyruvate is an intermediate in glucose metabolism, formed after glycolysis and is converted into acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) for entry into the citric acid cycle.

The problem now is that acetaldehyde inhibits PDH by binding to its coenzyme A or thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) (*) sites and excess pyruvate is shunted to lactate production through lactate dehydrogenase.

(*)Acetaldehyde inactivates thiamine by binding to its active sites.

*Partly why a lot of people who have a candida overgrowth and start using thiamine as a pre-workout, anecdotally improve their endurance at the gym by 20-30-40%.

3. Urea cycle dysfunction (why a lot of people who have a candida overgrowth get severe headaches after supplementing glutamine without any magnesium or P5P (ammonia crosses the BBB)).

Candida can produce ammonia as a byproduct of amino acid metabolism and thus overwhelm the urea cycle, leading to accumulation of intermediates such as ornithine, citrulline or ammonia itself (the urea cycle detoxifies ammonia into urea via enzymes like carbamoyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase).

4. Increased BBB (blood-brain-barrier) permeability. Acetaldehyde disrupts tight junction proteins such as occludin and claudin-5 in BBB endothelial cells, yet chronic BBB dysfunction is linked to neurodegenerative diseases and even multiple sclerosis.

5. Increased oxalic acid production (and absorption).

Oxalic acid is produced by Candida via the glyoxylate cycle, which converts carbohydrates into oxalates

Why is this a problem? Because oxalates overall can cause joint pain, insomnia, prostate issues, kidney issues, skin issues, brain fog, fatigue, hair loss, issues with eyesight and even affect autism and your blood vessels believe it or not.

How are they able to affect all these? Well, the easiest rabbit hole to go down to is how they can deplete glutathione.

There are simple papers you can read as well in general such as this: sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

We can go on and on when it comes to the problems that a Candida overgrowth can create.

Candida for example can release so much acetaldehyde and thus salsolinol all the way to making someone experience symptoms of anhedonia.

Now when it comes to diagnostic tools for the things we just talked about (1->5) we have:
-Urine D-arabinitol/L-arabinitol ratio
-Serum D-arabinitol
-Blood lactate
-Urine organic acid test
-Erythrocyte transketolase activity
-Urine oxalate
-Plasma ammonia
-GSH/GSSG ratio

Oxidative stress is a very important but far more complicated topic than the average person is made to believe.

Here's what you need to know.
Thread🧵


*Standard disclaimer that this does not constitute medical advice*

Oxidative stress is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce mitochondrial DNA mutations, damage the mitochondrial respiratory chain, alter membrane permeability, and influence Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial defense systems.

Calcium homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a constant concentration of calcium ions in the extracellular fluid.

It includes all of the processes that contribute to maintaining calcium at its “set point.”

Because plasma [Ca2+] rapidly equilibrates with the extracellular fluid, ECF [Ca2+] is kept constant by keeping the plasma [Ca2+] constant.

Miracle supplement for high cholesterol and blood pressure revealed.

Thread🧵 *Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

It's George.

Plenty of people, once they hit 40-50 get on statins and since they have plenty of side effects, some of them start searching for other solutions (usually OTC supplements).

But the problem is that even though certain supplements can in fact help, high LDL overall is not caused by "one thing" so there's no one-size-fits-all magic supplement.

When it comes to LDL, it all begins with the synthesis of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the liver.

In hepatocytes, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) loads apoB-100 with triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids in the endoplasmic reticulum, forming nascent VLDL.

Each VLDL particle contains:

-One molecule of apolipoprotein B-100

-Triglycerides (50–60%)

-Cholesterol esters (20–25%)

-Chospholipids

-Smaller apolipoproteins like apoC and apoE

So the liver uses VLDL particles to transport triglycerides and cholesterol to peripheral tissues for example.

Most people still don't truly understand the impact of thyroid dysfunction.

The thyroid gland directly communicates with the brain, the pituitary, the parathyroid, the pancreas, the liver, the adrenal glands, the intestinal system and much more.

You already know this to be true if you are suffering from any type of thyroid dysfunction but here's an example i always try to mention.

Let's suppose that you want to lose weight, well in order to put in perspective how much the thyroid gland affects our metabolism, resistance training which is promoted as one of the best tools to increase BMR, can only lead to a 10% increase (which is still great).

Now here's what's fascinating, untreated hypothyroidism can lead to a BMR that's even 40% below normal and an even 50mcg of T3 day can increase BMR by even 30% in some cases.

You can also look into for example how T3 influences the tight junctions, how it upregulates the LDL-receptor, how it helps with the release of bile or even how it facilitates the production of lactase in the intestinal tract so thyroid dysfunction could even make you react badly to dairy.

In some studies, up to 90.5% of depressed people have subnormal T3 levels.

So thyroid dysfunction could lead to things such as:
-A variety of gut issues
-Severe fatigue
-Hair loss
-Depression
-High LDL
-Insulin resistance/metabolic dysfunctions
-Low libido
-Low testosterone
and more.

Here's how you can support its function.
Thread🧵
*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

It's George.
Let's start with the basics.

The thyroid gland is a 2-inch-long gland that weighs less than 1 ounce and is located in the front of the neck below the larynx.

It has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe which leads to its “butterfly” shape.

The thyroid is one of the glands that make up the endocrine system.

The glands of the endocrine system produce and store hormones and release them into the bloodstream.

The hormones then travel through the body and direct the activity of the body’s cells.

The thyroid gland makes two thyroid hormones:

-Triiodothyronine (T3)
and
-Thyroxine (T4)

Every video and blog post about hair loss says the same things.

So, here's a summary of the MOST effective strategies you can use to manage premature hair loss and gray hair that don't have dangerous side effects.

Master thread🧵

Disclaimer: The sooner you start implementing these once you notice these issues, the better your results will be.
*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should not be used as a substitute for medical advice*

Now let's start by stating the following: there's no "one thing" that causes all types of hair loss all the time.

Sorry.

It's a myth capitalized to sell whatever magic solution is trending at the time.

Hair loss is driven by a complex interplay of genetics, hormones, certain lipid compounds, environmental factors and a few more things that we discuss in this thread.

So let's check them out.

***Gut health masterclass***
If you are struggling with gut issues such as:
-Bloating
-Constipation
-IBS
-Leaky gut
-SIBO
-SIFO
-Candida

Here's the ultimate plan for improving them and repairing your gut once and for all.

Thread🧵
*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice and that plenty of people will not have to apply all of these in order to experience improvements*

When it comes to our health, everything starts from and depends on the gut.

From low testosterone, histamine intolerance, depression, chronic fatigue, ED and skin problems, all the way to hair loss, optimizing ones gut health is a non-negotiable step in improving any health issue that he might want to.

Our gut is connected to every single one of the organs in the human body, so it's fair to say that everything is affected by a great part from it.

You know this to be true if you've ever struggled with a gut issue but in case you haven't and are skeptical about this claim, you can check out these 3 basic studies (one for the skin, one for the immune system and one for testosterone):

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC79…
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC49…
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC76…

Melatonin is what expensive anti-ageing supplements want (and pretend) to be.

This 3.5 billion-year-old molecule is the ultimate insurance policy of the human body.

It:
-Prevents and helps treat hair loss.
-Controls mitochondrial oxidative stress (broad-spectrum antioxidant that's 10 times stronger than vitamin C).
-Prevents migraines and protects the brain.
-Has anti-cancer properties via Warburg reversal.
-Regulates gut motility, protects the mucosal barrier and modulates the gut microbiota.
-Inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-a and interleukins.
-Protects the immune system and enhances immune surveillance (it even prevents thymic atrophy).
-Regulates key inflammatory signaling pathways.
-Controls CRs.
-Reduces hypertension and improves endothelial function.
and does so much more.

Here's what you need to know.
Thread🧵
*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

It's George.

Melatonin, chemically known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is classified as an indoleamine that is derived from the amino acid tryptophan.

It is evolutionarily ancient and present in organisms from bacteria to humans.

Now technically speaking, since it is synthesized in many non-endocrine organs and doesn't target a specific organ it’s not a hormone (melatonin fits this in the pineal context only).

So melatonin also acts as a paracrine and autocrine signaling molecule, influencing cellular processes across multiple tissues without requiring endocrine-specific pathways.

Understanding the topic of mitochondria is probably the best thing you can do if you want to improve your health.

After all, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in a host of health conditions ranging from chronic fatigue, low testosterone, depression, bipolar disorders, low testosterone and neurodegenerative diseases all the way to cardiovascular issues, diabetes and even sleep apnea.

Now, what are mitochondria?

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that likely originated from ancient α-proteobacteria engulfed by eukaryotic cells.

These organelles produce the vast majority of cellular energy through adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is needed to power every cell's biochemical reactions.

They also modulate processes like cell signaling, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis.

So it’s really no wonder that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in a host of health conditions.

When it comes to the structure of these double-membrane organelles, it’s a good idea to be aware of the following.

We have the:

-Outer membrane that is highly permeable due to porins such as voltage-dependent anion channels that allow small molecules and ions to pass freely.

-Inner membrane that is less permeable, with selective transporters, that houses the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthase.

-Intermembrane space that is the region between the membranes.

This one is enriched with protons during ATP synthesis, creating a gradient essential for energy production through chemiosmosis.

-Mitochondrial matrix that is the innermost compartment, containing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), 70S ribosomes and enzymes for metabolic pathways like the Krebs cycle.

Now let’s dive a bit deeper into their main functions.

Let's start with ATP production.

Our cells require, well, energy in order to run properly.
Mitochondria produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in the ETC.

How?

In a nutshell, electrons from NADH (complex I) and FADH₂ (complex II) pass through complexes III and IV, pumping protons into the intermembrane space. The resulting proton gradient drives ATP synthase to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into ATP.

If you have no idea what these are, ATP production happens primarily through three stages:

-Glycolysis (happens in the cytoplasm)
-The citric acid cycle (or the Krebs cycle (happens in the mitochondrial matrix))
-Oxidative phosphorylation (happens across the mitochondrial inner membrane)

Glycolysis is anaerobic (no oxygen needed) and takes one glucose molecule breaks it into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules through a 10-step enzymatic process (glucose gets two phosphates added whcich uses 2 ATP and gives us fructose-1,6-bisphosphate which splits into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, then the former also converts to G3P, so we get two G3Ps and each one is then oxidized (loses electrons to NAD⁺ and forms 2 NADH (these basically “carry” energy)).

Finally phosphates are transferred to ADP making 4 ATP total (only 2 were used). After some shuffling, you’re left with 2 pyruvate.

Now, we take these 2 pyruvate molecules and each one is converted to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase. This process releases CO₂ and generates 2 NADH.

For each acetyl-CoA, the following happens: Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate get together to form citrate which reshuffles into isocitrate, then isocitrate loses CO₂ and electrons, forming α-ketoglutarate and 1 NADH.

Now that the first oxidation is done, we move to the second one were α-Ketoglutarate drops another CO₂, yielding succinyl-CoA and 1 NADH. Now in this critical step, succinyl-CoA transfers a phosphate to GDP (making GTP, which converts to 1 ATP).

The oxidations don’t stop here and succinate becomes fumarate (1 FADH₂), then malate, then oxaloacetate (1 NADH), completing the loop.

And we can finally talk about oxidative phosphorylation and its two parts, the electron transport chain (ETC) and chemiosmosis. The first one is a series of protein complexes (I-IV) and carriers (ubiquinone, cytochrome c) embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

NADH is used in Complex I and FADH₂ in Complex II.

Ubiquionone also plays a critical role (Complex I → Ubiquinone (Q) → Complex III → Cytochrome c → Complex IV and at Complex IV, electrons combine with O₂ and H⁺ to form deueterium depleted H₂O (oxygen is the final electron acceptor).

In some texts, you will find that metabolic reactions such as converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, the citric acid cycle and pyruvic oxidation are mentioned on top of ATP production so here's some further analysis in these for the ones interested.

Pyruvic acid is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group.

The conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.

Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA.

It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation.

It supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration) and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.

In pyruvic oxidation, we are starting with a molecule of pyruvate which has 3 carbons.

Then, we’ll make a molecule of acetyl by dropping a carbon and the carbon that is lost will be lost as a molecule of CO2.

All of these carbon atoms have high energy electrons in their orbitals.

NAD will take the electron that became available through the above process for us to utilize and since it now has an electron on it, it becomes NADH.

So NADH is the product and NAD the reactant.

Now acetyl’s destination is the mitochondria. In order for this to happen, CoA will bind to acetyl and is going to produce acetyl-CoA which can now be accepted by the membrane of the mitochondria and now we can start the next step which is the citric acid cycle.

So, pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.

A pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, will cause lactic acid to accumulate in the blood, it can damage the body's organs and particularly the nervous system.

In aerobic conditions, the process converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid), generating energy in the form of two net molecules of ATP.

Four molecules of ATP per glucose are actually produced, but two are consumed as part of the preparatory phase.

The initial phosphorylation of glucose is required to increase the reactivity (decrease its stability) in order for the molecule to be cleaved into two pyruvate molecules by the enzyme aldolase.

During the pay-off phase of glycolysis, four phosphate groups are transferred to ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation to make four ATP, and two NADH are produced when the pyruvate is oxidized.

The overall reaction can be expressed this way:
Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi + 2 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 H+ + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H+ + 2 H2O + energy

Starting with glucose, 1 ATP is used to donate a phosphate to glucose to produce glucose 6-phosphate.

Glycogen can be converted into glucose 6-phosphate as well with the help of glycogen phosphorylase.

During energy metabolism, glucose 6-phosphate becomes fructose 6-phosphate. An additional ATP is used to phosphorylate fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by the help of phosphofructokinase.

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate then splits into two phosphorylated molecules with three carbon chains which later degrades into pyruvate.

Modern life is quietly sabotaging your immune system.

From spike protein pathology, redox collapse and thymic involution that shrink and starve your naive T-cell factory, all the way to heavy metal exposure, nutrient deficiencies, gut dysbiosis and much more, the list of things that harm our immune system is endless.

So here's how you can build a resilient immune system in a toxic world.

Thread🧵

*Standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice*

It's George.
First and foremost, when we read the words “immune system”, it should be somewhat obvious that we are talking about a network of organs, tissues, special cells and so on that all work together instead of just “one thing”.

The main parts of the immune system are the:
● Bone marrow
● White blood cells
● Thymus
● Antibodies
● Complement system
● Lymphatic system
● Spleen
● Skin