The notion that the early Arabs conquered and forcibly converted Ancient Ghana (present day Mali & Eastern Senegal) is based heavily one orientalist writings, and by authors with clear agendas and biases Most orientalists writings are traced back to the work of Leo Africanus, who was a Moroccan Muslim and sold in to slavery. He was later baptized as a Christian.

He wrote “Descrittione dell’ Africa”, which was his work on African history, anthropology and geography

A sustainable way of life must not contradict human nature.

If they do, it is only a matter of time before people leave it.

Monasticism is a prime example. The monastic movement grew in Europe rapidly and was very intense.

Their interpretation of asceticism (Zuhd) meant a complete detachment from the world.

“Disgust” is an interesting thing.

Disgust is what we attach to things we consider immoral: killing, stealing etc.

But with incest it’s different Although almost all contemporary human societies consider incest as immoral, disgust’s function in incest avoidance is argued to be distinct from disgust’s function in nonsexual social domains, fx murder and theft (Haidt et al., 1997)